| A | B |
|---|
| essentially, all seed plants that are not angiosperms | gymnosperms |
| living members of gymnosperms may actually form | a clade |
| Phylum Coniferophyta | the conifers |
| pine tree is | sporophyte |
| microspore mother cells in microsporangia form | haploid microspores |
| In pine life cycle-mature pollen grains have a | “Mickey Mouse” appearance |
| one cluster of pollen cones can yield over | 1 million pollen grains |
| female cones | (ovulate cones) |
| male cones | (pollen cones) |
| megasporangium called nucellus | embedded in each ovule in pine life cycle |
| nucellus is | nutritive tissue surrounded by thick integument (covering) with hole (micropyle) near one end |
| female cones takes how many seasons to mature | two or more |
| embryonic leaves | cotyledons |
| Phylum Cycadophyta | the cycads |
| Phylum Ginkgophyta | Ginkgo |
| deciduous | lose leaves |
| Phylum Gnetophyta | the gnetophytes |
| 3 genera of Phylum Gnetophyta | Welwitschia, Ephedra, Gnetum |
| members of Gnetum | have broad leaves similar to angiosperm leaves |
| Welwitschia | bizarre plants of southwest African deserts |
| dioecious | separate male and female plants of Phylum Gnetophyta |
| Ephedra | common in Mexico and southwestern US, but found on most continents |
| monoecious | male and female parts on same plant |
| drug ephedrine historically extracted mainly from | a Chinese species of Ephedra |
