| A | B |
|---|
| Adaptation | a structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings |
| Carnivore | an animal that eats other animals |
| Community | populations of different kinds of organisms that live in the same place at the same time |
| Consumer | an organism that gets energy by eating other organisms |
| Decomposer | an organism that gets energy by feeding on dead things and waste products |
| Ecosystem | all the living and nonliving things that interact with each other in an environment |
| Energy Pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy passed on at each level of a food chain |
| Environment | the surroundings that and organism lives in |
| Food Chain | the transfer of food energy from one organism to another in a ecosystem |
| Food Web | the overlapping of food chains |
| Habitat | the place where a plant or animal lives |
| Herbivore | an animal that eats plants |
| Life Cycle | the stages of growth and development that an organism goes through in its lifetime |
| Nucleus of a cell | the structure in a cell that controls everything the cell does |
| Organ | a group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function in an organism |
| Organism | a living thing |
| Photosynthesis | plants use the sun’s energy |
| Population | all the organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time |
| Predator | an animal that hunts |
| Prey | an animal that is hunted |
| Producer | an organism that makes its own food—plants are a type of producer—they make their own food by photosynthesis |
| Protist | a small cell |
| System | a group of things that work together or interact together |
| Tissue | a group of cells that work together in an organism to do a job |
| Deposition | ”when materials that are eroded by wind |
| Earthquake | shaking of the ground caused by rock slabs moving against each other |
| Equator | an imaginary line that circles the Earth halfway between the North and South poles |
| Erosion | ”the movement of weathered materials by water |
| Fault | a crack in Earth’s crust |
| Fossil | a plant or animal that died long ago and has been preserved in rock |
| Fossil Fuel | an energy source that formed from decaying plants and animals that lived long ago |
| Igneous Rock | rock formed from cooled magma or lava |
| Metamorphic Rock | rock deep inside Earth’s crust that is heated and squeezed to make another kind of rock |
| Nonrenewable | resources that nature cannot replace quickly enough to meet people’s needs fossil fuels are Resource nonrenewable |
| Pollution | anything in the environment that can harm living things or damage natural resources |
| Renewable | a resource that nature makes again and again—trees are a renewable resource |
| Sedimentary | rock formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together |
| Volcano | ”a mountain built up from hardened lava |
| Water Cycle | the change of water from one state to another as it moves between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere |
| Weathering | the breaking down and wearing away of rock |
| Atmosphere | the air and other gases that surround Earth |
| Axis | an imaginary line or pole that passes through the Earth’s center from North to South pole |
| Constellation | a star pattern or shape in the sky |
| Galaxy | a group of dust |
| Planet | a large object that orbits a star |
| Solar System | a star and all the objects that move around it |
| Star | an object in space that makes its own heat and light |
| Revolution | one complete trip of a planet around its sun |
| Rotation | the spinning of a planet or moon on its axis |
| Atom | the smallest particle of something that still has all its properties |
| Change of State | ”a physical change that happens when matter changes to a liquid |
| Chemical Change | a change in matter that makes a new substance—like when you make GAK |
| Compound | something that is made up of different elements and cannot be separated by ordinary means |
| Condensation | the process of changing from a gas to a liquid |
| Density | ”the amount of mass in a known volume of an object - how tightly packed molecules are in matter – two things can have the same volume or take up the same amount of space but one thing will be heavier that the other” |
| Electron | a particle that is in orbit around the nucleus of an atom and has a negative charge |
| Element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| Evaporation | changing from a liquid to a gas |
| Gas | ”the “invisible” state of matter |
| Liquid | ”a state of matter |
| Mass”the amount of matter in an object | how heavy or light something is” |
| Matter | ”the stuff all around us that makes up everything |
| Microscopic | something too small to be seen without the use of a microscope which makes the thing look big enough to see |
| Mixture | two or more things put together which do not make something new and can be taken apart |
| Molecule | a particle of matter that is made of 2 or more atoms joined tightly together |
| Neutron | ”a particle that in the nucleus of an atom and does not have a charge—it is neutral” |
| Nucleus of an atom | ”the center of an atom |
| Physical Change | a change from one form to another without forming a new substance like when ice changes to water |
| Properties | characteristics of something that are described by using our senses |
| Proton | a particle of an atom that is in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge |
| Solid | ”one of the 3 states of matter |
| Solution | ”a special kind of mixture where one substance is spread out so evenly in another substance that you cannot tell the 2 substances apart—some solutions are salt and water |
| Volume | the amount of space that something takes up |
| Experiment | a procedure that is done and repeated under controlled conditions in order to test a hypothesis using the scientific method |
| Infer | to figure out something without observing it directly |
| Investigation | this is an observation of something to see what happens |
| Predict | to guess about something that is going to happen |
| Ruler | a science tool that measures length |
| Beaker | a science tool that measures the volume of liquids and powders in milliliters |
| Thermometer | a science tool that measures temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit degrees |
| Balance | a science tool that measures or mass in grams |
| Graduated Cylinder | a science tool that measures the volume of liquids and powders in milliliters |
| Circuit | a complete or circular path that an electrical current can flow through |
| Electromagnet | a temporary magnet made by wrapping wire around a metal bolt or nail and an electric current is passed through it |
| Force | a push or pull |
| Friction | a force between two surfaces rubbing against each other |
| Fulcrum | the pivot point of a lever |
| Gravity | the force that pulls objects toward each other |
| Inclined Plane | ”a type of simple machine |
| Inertia | ”objects tend to resist changes in motion because of this |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy of motion |
| Lever | ”a type of simple machine |
| Magnetic | being able to attract iron and some other metals |
| Potential Energy | stored energy that is waiting to be used |
| Pulley | a simple machine made of a wheel with a rope or chain that goes around the wheel |
| Simple Machine | a tool that makes it easier to move an object |
| Screw | ”a simple machine that is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder—screws |
| Wedge | ”a type of simple machine that splits things apart or separates them-wedges can look like inclined planes but work in a different way-types of wedges are door stops |
| Wheel and Axle | ”a type of simple machine that is made of a wheel and a rod that goes through the center of the wheel-types of wheel and axles include door knobs |
| Conduction | ”direct heating—the movement of heat between things that touch each other” |
| Convection | the movement of heat energy in liquids and gases through currents |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Energy Transfer | ”a change of energy from one form to another |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy of motion |
| Light | ”a form of energy that travels in waves and can move through empty space where there is no air |
| Potential Energy | stored energy that is waiting to be used |
| Radiation | ”the movement of energy through space in the form or rays or waves—like sun’s light and heat or the warmth you feel from a fireplace” |
| Reflection | the bouncing back of light rays from a surface |
| Refraction | the bending of light rays as they move from one material into another |
| Thermal Energy | ”also known as heat energy |
| Vibration | a rapid back and forth movement that makes sound |
