| A | B |
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| genetics | the field of biology devoted to understanding how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring |
| traits | in genetics, a category within which alternate characteristics, such as height and eye color, can be observed |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of a same species |
| self-pollination | pollination involving the same flower, flowers on the same plant, or two genetically identical plants |
| cross-pollination | a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| pure | plants that always produce offspring with a certain trait |
| strain | plants that are pure for a specific trait |
| P1 generation | a strain obtained through a self-pollination which is used to parent offspring |
| F1 generation | offspring of P1 - first filial generation |
| F2 generation | plants resulting from cross of F1 generation |
| dominant | referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| recessive | referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| law of segregation | law stating that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each gamete receives one gene of a pair |
| law of independent assortment | law stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| allele | an alternate form of a gene |
