| A | B |
|---|
| movement, posture, heat | functions of muscles |
| skeletal, smooth, cardiac | 3 muscle types in the body |
| skeletal muscle | muscles that attach to bones; voluntary muscles; AKA striated muscle |
| atrophy | wasting away of muscle, decrease in size |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle; line the visceral organs |
| cardiac muscle | involuntary muscles |
| ligaments | attach bone to bone |
| tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| fascia | connective tissue that holds together the muscle fibers and covers the entire muscle |
| origin | point of attachment, less moveable portion |
| insertion | point of attachment, more moveable portion |
| buccinator muscle | cheek muscle; blow, whistle, smile |
| temporal muscle | above and near ear; biting and chewing |
| masseter | at the angle of the jaw; biting and chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | extends from sternum along the side of the neck to the mastoid process; moves head up ane down / side to side |
| trapezius | extends across back of shoulders; shrugging and moving shoulders |
| latissimus dorsi | muscle across lower back; extending and swinging your arms |
| pectoralis major | large fan-shaped muscle across chest; pulling arms across the body |
| deltoid | covers shoulder joint and under humerus; abducting your arms and extending it backwards |
| biceps brachii | 2 heads; originates from the scapula and insert on the radius; bending your elbow |
| triceps brachii | 3 heads; originates from the scapuls, humerus and clavicle |
| torso | trunk a.k.a. |
| rectus abdominus and external oblique | 2 trunk muscles used for sit-ups |
| diaphragm | helps with respiration |
| gluteus maximus | fleshy part of buttocks; offers support when standing |
| gluteus medius | smaller muscle located above gluteus maximus; helps abduct thigh and rotate it outward |
| quadriceps femoris | muscles in anterior part of thigh; extend leg to kick ball |
| hamstring muscle | muscles in posterior part of thigh; flex and extend thigh (kneeling); area behind knee |
| gastrocnemius | main muscle of calf: standing on tip toes |
| tibialis anterior | muscle in front of leg; turns foot inward ( inversion) and upward (dorsiflexion) |
| muscular dystrophy | genetic disorder; muscle fibers degenerate; muscular atrophy; muscle tissue replaced with fat |
| polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles; muscular weakness; occurs more in women |
| strains | injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of tendon |
| fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial | types of joints |
| fibrous joint | immovable joint |
| cartilaginous joint | joint with limited movement |
| synovial joint | joint with free movement |
| joint cavity | spaces between bones |
| synovial fluid | fluid in joint cavity |
| synovial membrane | lines the joint cavity |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage that is on the surface of connecting bones |
| bursa | small sacs containing fluid; located around the synovial joint; lubricate joint where friction occurs |
