| A | B |
|---|
| Taxoomy | grouping and naming organimsbased upon their characteristics; essential study in biology to disclose evolutionary relationships and group them in a logical manner |
| Carolous Linnaeus | created the binomial nomenclature, a 2-part scientific naming system; used latin; goes along with Darwin's ideas of common ancestry; based upon structural similaties of organisms |
| A natural system | Organisms are grouped into as many groups and subgroups as their similarities and differences requeire |
| Binomial Nomenclature | A 2-part scientific naming system; ex: Homo sapiens |
| At the start, what is each group; at each level? | Each group is very broad and includes many organisms; at each level, two groups are further subdivided by more specific criteria |
| Taxon | Any group of organisms |
| Different Groups and their examples | Domain, Eukarya; Kingdom, Animalia; Phylum, Chordata; Class, Mammalia; Order, Carnivoria; Family, Felidae; Genus, Felis; Specific name, catus; (Subphylum, vertebrata) |
| Structural Similarities | Many shared physical structures implies species are losely related and may have evolved from a commonancestor. An animal with retractable claws might be related to what group? |
| Breeding Behavior | Differences in mating behavior (calls, time of year, location) |
| Geographical Distribution | Darwin's Finches: Divergent Evolution/Adaptive Radiation |
| Chromosome Comparisons | Chromosome number and structure |
| Biochemistry | THE BEST WAY TO ID SPECIES. Similar DNA sequences, similar proteins; DNA hybridization takes heated DNA from two species and determines how well they will match up; DNA sequencing, protein clocks (gives time species diverged) |
| Phylogeny | The evolutionary history of a species, not just physical similarities; often called Evolutionary Classification |
| Phylogenetic | A system of classification on this basis |
| Cladistics | One system based upon phylogenetic |
| Derived Characteristics or Traits | When groups of organisms diverge and evolve from a common ancestral group, they retain some unique inherited characteristics |
| Cladograms | Like pedigrees; branches that are closer to one another share a more recent ancestor than those farther away |
| Archaebacteria | Include prokaryotes without membrnae bound nuclei, microscopic unicellular cell walls without peptidoglycan; autotrophs or heterotrophs (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic); oldest fossils are 3.5 billion years old and can live in extreme environments without oxygen |
| Eubacteria | Are prokaryotes that h |
| Protista | Eukaryotic means "very first" meaning they were the first eukaryotes; lack complex organ systems, 10,000 known species, lives in moist environments; oldest fossils are 2 billion years old; both unicellular and multicellular; can be plant-like autotrophs, animal-like heterotrophs, or fungus-like heterotrophs |
| Very diverse kingdom | A hodgepodge of eukaroytic organisms that did not fit into the other eukaryotic kingdoms |
| Fungi | Unicellular and multicellular; heterotrophs only; does not move place to place; absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment; oldest fossils are 400 million years old and 100,000 known species |
| Plantae | Multicellular only; autotrophs, photosynthetic, eukaryotes; do not move place to place; contain chloroplats and cell walls made of cellulose; oldest fossils are 400 million years old; 500,000 known speicies; have organized tissues that make up organs and organ systems |
| Animalia | multicellular only, heterotrophs; are carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores; eukaryotes, able to move place to place, oldest fossils are 600 million years old, 1.5 million known species (maybe 20x the number unknown) 100 species go extinct everyday; 40,000 go extinct per year since 2000, the highest in 65 million years, 200 animal species are endangered in the USA. 1000 endangered worldwide |
| Dichotomous key | A set of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms |
