| A | B |
|---|
| PAD primary cause | atherosclerosis |
| Atherosclerosis causes | smoking, dm, hi chol, htn |
| common sites for PAD | aort iliac bifurcation; femoral bifurcations |
| byproducts of aneorbic metabolism in pad | lactic acid, pyruvate |
| claudication | ischemic pain |
| claudication occurs most with | exertion |
| claudication often occurs in ages | 60-70 |
| claudication and PAD associated with | CAD |
| ABI abnormal claudication likely | .5-.9 |
| ABI is | highest ankle / highest brachial systolic bp's |
| ABI normal levels | .91 - 1.3 |
| critical ischemia levels ABI | <.49 |
| calcified vessels, often in DM, innacuate results ABI is | >1.3 |
| arterial steal | max dilated hypoxic arterioles steal blood flow/oxygen from the nerves |
| paresthesias | numbness/tingling sensation with PAD |
| critical limb ischemia | no pulses, hypertrophied toenails, cool hairless legs, tissue atrophy, pareshesis |
| thse develop in ischemic legs | ulcers |
| Leriche syndrome | impotence that arises from PVD |
| when leg is dependent in PVD this occurs | rubor |
| tx of PVD | surgery, stents, etc after mappiing with arteriography |
| femoral artery branches into | popliteal & tibial arteries |
| acute arterial occlusion caused by | thrombois, embolism, trauma |
| clinical manifestation of arterial occlusion | pain, pulselessness, poikilothermic, pallor, paresthesias, paralysis |
| aneurysms | venuous or arterial |
| abd. aortic aneurysm | classification by location & gross appearance |
| AAA becomes symptomatic at | 5 cm |
| AAA meidcal managment | monitor every 6 mos. |
| AAA consider surgery | 6 cm |
| Type A aortic dissection | involves ascending aorta |
| Type B aortic dissection | doesn't involve ascending aorta |
| clinical manisfestation of aortic dissection | abrucpt paun, tearung sensation, diminished sensatuion, htn |
| complications of aortic dissection | cardiac tamponade |
| Raynauds phenomenon | vasospastic and obstructive problem |
| thromboangiitis obliterans aka | Berger's disease |
| thromboangiitis obliterans is | vasculitis in veins and arteries of young adults |
| thrombophlebitis risks | hypercoaguability, injury to venous wall, venous stasis |
| thromboangiitis obliterans tx | nifedipine |
| thrombophlebitis pathophysiology | plts adhere to endothelium |
| thrombophlebitis | red, warm, swollen, positive Homan's sign |
| thrombophlebitis tests | venouis duplex scanning; d dimer |
| thrombophlebitis tx | heparin, coumadin, monitor pt/tt |
| thrombophlebitis tx,surigcal | venous caval filter (Greenfield) |
| varicose veins due to | lack of valvular competency |
| venuous insufficiency | blood pooling in periphery due to valves |
| thrombophlebitis nursing | elevate legs, monitor for PE, reduce pain |
| venous stasis ulcers | poorly healing ulcers with irregular borders |
| varicose veins surgical tx | vein strippling, sclerosis |
| symptoms of venous stasis | swollen limbs, thick brownish skin aroiund ankles, itchy skin arouind ankles |
| tx for venous stasis ulcres | elevate legs, Unna boots, moist dressing |
| lymphedema | impaired transcapillary fluid transport |
