| A | B |
|---|
| igneous rock | forms from cooling lava/magma |
| igneous rock examples | basalt, granite, pumice, obsidian |
| sedimentary rock | forms when the sediment (particles of rocks &/or remains of plants/animals) are pressed and cemented together |
| sedimentary rock examples | sandstone, limestone, coal, shale |
| metamorphic rock | forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions |
| metamorphic rock examples | marble, slate |
| extrusive rock | formed from lava that hardened on the earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | formed from magma that hardened inside the earth |
| order: deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion | erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation |
| foliated rocks | metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| rock cycle | a series of processes that change rock form one kind into another kind |
| erosion | running water, wind or ice loosen and carry away pieces of rocks |
| deposition | sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it (deposited at bottom of lake, river, beach, desert) |
| compaction | sediments are pressed together |
| cementation | sediment particles are glued together (by minerals crystallizing) |
| Law of Superposition | in undisturbed sedimentary rock, the oldest layer is on the bottom & youngest layer on top |
