| A | B |
|---|
| Asian sea trading network | consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; India based on cotton textiles; China based on paper, porcelain, and silks |
| Dutch trading empire | the Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products |
| Luzon | northern island of Philippines that was conquered by the Spanish in the 1560s |
| Mindanao | Southern island of Philippines; resisted Spanish conquest due to Muslim kingdom on the island |
| Francis Xavier | Jesuit who helped spread the Christian faith to the lower castes and untouchables, converting tens of thousands |
| Robert di Nobili | devised a conversion strategy to convert high caste Hindus by adopting their ways; was unsuccessful |
| Hongwu | First Ming Emperor who drove out Mongol influence and restored the position of the scholar gentry |
| Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall | Jesuit scholars who corrected calendars, repaired European clocks, forging cannons, and astounding the scholar-gentry with accurate instruments in hopes of winning converts |
| Chongzhen | Last Ming emperor |
| Nobunaga | Japanese military leader who disposed of the Ashikaga shoguns |
| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | general to Nobunaga; became military master of Japan and attacked Korea although both campaigns eventually stalled |
| Tokugawa Ieyasu | Vassal who emerged triumphant from the renewed warfare resulting from Hideyoshi’s death; became shogun |
| Deshima | Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter |
| School of National Learning | New ideology that laid emphasis on Japan’s unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Chinese imports such as Confucianism |
