| A | B |
|---|
| American Revolution | The United States battles for independence from Britain |
| The American Civil War | The US’ battle over slavery |
| Feminist Movements | women want more equality and voting rights |
| Albert Einstein | German physicist who moved to US. Made huge scientific strides |
| Romanticism | a popular form of art and literature that focuses on nature |
| Mass Leisure Culture | A trend of laziness because of industry |
| Monroe Doctrine | USA will help Latin America when needed |
| Father Miguel de Hidalgo | leader for Mexican independence |
| Simon Bolivar | led revolt of Spanish rule; founded Bolivia |
| Jose de San Martin | Argentine general and leader of independence from Spain in Southern Latin America |
| Brazilian independence | gained independence from Portugal |
| Joao VI | King of Portugal during the time of Brazilian independence |
| Dom Pedro I | became ruler of Brazil after independence, and was also Joao VI’s son |
| Andres Santa Cruz | President of Peru and Bolivia |
| Caudillos | Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America |
| Juan Manuel de Rosas | one of the first caudillos in Argentina |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | President of Mexico who fought for independence from Spain |
| Guano | Bird poo sold in Peru |
| Manifest Destiny | Taking as much land as possible for a country |
| Treaty of Guadalupe | ended Mexican war |
| Mexican-American War | a war between Mexico and the US over land |
| Benito Juarez | Mexican president |
| La reforma | liberal reforms that transformed Mexico into a nation state |
| Domingo F. Sarmiento | Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the president of Argentina. |
| Spanish-American War | US helped Cuba gain independence from Spain |
| Fazendas | coffee states |
| Panama Canal | US granted rights, used a revolution to gain territory |
