| A | B |
|---|
| Vault | Curved ceiling |
| Virgil | Roman writer; wrote the epic poem "Aeneid"; drew some of his ideas from Homer's "Odyssey" |
| Horace | Roman poet who wrote satires and odes |
| Satires | Writing that pokes fun at human weaknesses |
| Odes | Poems that express strong emotions about life |
| Galen | Greek doctor who brought many medical ideas to Rome; emphasized importance of anatomy |
| Anatomy | The study of body structure |
| Ptolemy | Scientist; lived in Alexandria, Egypt; studied the skyand mapped over 1,000 different stars |
| Forum | An open space that served as a marketplace and public square in ancient Rome |
| Gladiators | Enslaved people, criminals or poor people; fought animals and each other |
| Paterfamilias | "Father of the family"; had complete control over family members |
| Rhetoric | Public speaking |
| Spartacus | Gladiator who led a slave revolt of 70,000 inItaly;the revolt was eventually crushed and he was crucified |
| Plague | A disease that spreads widely |
| Inflation | A rapid increase in prices; devaluation of the common currency |
| Barter | The exchange of goods without the use of currency |
| Diocletian | A general who eventually became emperor; worked to implement reforms to stop the decline of Rome |
| Reforms | Political changes implemented to create change |
| Constantine | Emperor that continued to implement changes to slow the decline of Rome; moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople/Istanbul) |
| Constantinople | The new capital of the Roman Empire; named after Constantine; formerly Byzantium |
| Theodosius | Emperor that divided the empire into East and West (due to continued fighting and decline of empire) |
| Alaric | A Visigoth leader, captured Rome and sacked the city |
| Odoacer | Took control of Rome when he overthrew Romulus Augustus |
| Black Sea | Sea located to the northeast of Constantinople |
| Aegean Sea | Sea located to the southwest of Constantinople |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor; commanded the military, wrote laws, served as Supreme Judge |
| Theodora | Justinian's wife; advised her husband on governmental matters |
| Belisarius | Byzantine general who adopted the use of the cavalry |
| Tribonian | Legal reformer who worked to create Justinian Code of Laws |
| Mosaics | Pictures made of many shards of colored glass or stone |
| Saints | Christian holy people |
| Regent | A person who stands in for ruler when they are sick or too young to conduct government business |
