| A | B |
|---|
| Desert | geographic region with too little rainfall to support much plant life |
| Oasis: | an isolated spot in the desert where water is found. The Sahara has 90 oasis areas. |
| Sahel: | area of land that lies on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. It gets more precipitation than the Sahara but it can suffer from droughts. |
| Ergs: | great seas of sand with tall sand dunes in the Sahara desert. |
| Sahara Desert: | located in the northern region of Africa the Sahara is the world’s largest desert running 3.5 million square miles (the continental United States could fit inside the Sahara Desert) |
| Hammadas: | high, rock covered flatland in the Sahara. |
| Regs | gravel covered plains. |
| Drought: | an unusually long period in which little or no rainfall occurs. |
| Marginal Land | land that is not suited for growing crops. |
| Pastoral Nomads: | groups of herders who move from place to place with their animals in search of water and pasture. |
| Wadis | dry part of a riverbed in an arid climate. |
| Township | in South Africa, a poor urban settlement where blacks were forced to live during apartheid |
| Cash Crops: | crop that can be sold instead of consumed by the farmer and his/her family. An example of a cash crop in the African oasis is the date. |
| Desertification: | the process by which land becomes more and more dry until it becomes desert. This could happen because of human activity or climate change or both. |
| Micro enterprise | a very small business with few or no employees. |
| Micro entrepreneur: | a person who starts or runs a very small business. |
| Developing Country: | a poorer country with a less advanced economy. In general, developing countries are trying to increase their industries and improve life for their people. |
| Civil War | a war between groups living in the same country. |
| Gender Based Division of Labor: | This is the division of work in a society based on a person’s sex, or gender. (example: traditionally in Africa men were responsible for farming or making money and women were in charge of child care) |
| Informal Economy | People who work in the informal economy often sell goods on the street or in a street market outside of government control. |
| Ethnic Group | ethnic group: a group of people in a country who share a unique culture and identity |
| Colonialism: | system of government in which one country rules other places as colonies, with the ruling country controlling trade with its colonies for its own benefit. An example would be Great Britain taking control of Nigeria in 1914. |
| Rwanda: | colonized first by Germany and then by Belgium in the 1884 and then by Belgium in 1917/ |
| Genocide: | mass killing of a certain race |
| Paul Rusesabagina | : former manager of the Mille Collines hotel in Rwanda who saved more than 1200 people from being massacred. |
| Tutsis: | Ethnic group in Rwanda. Tutsi people were favored by Belgian leaders in Rwanda but targeted for massacre when the Belgians left the country. |
| Hutus | Ethnic group in Rwanda. Hutus were discriminated against by the Belgian leaders of Rwanda. Some Hutus sought to massacre Tutsis when the Belgian leaders left the country. |
| Nelson Mandella | lawyer who was jailed for 27 years for arguing to end apartheid. He was later elected the first black president of South Africa. |
| Segregation | the separation of one group of people from another, such as by race. Segregation can involve laws or customs that require different groups to use different facilities and live in separate areas. |
| Apartheid: | the former official South African policy of separating people according to race. Apartheid gave most of the political and economic power to whites. |
| Multiracial: | made up of people from several ethnic groups. |
