| A | B |
|---|
| organic | contains carbon |
| hydrocarbon | contains C and H only |
| isomer | same element, different # neutrons |
| single bond | C-C or C-H |
| double bond | C=C or C=O |
| functional group | additions to carbon chains |
| hydroxyl |  |
| carbonyl |  |
| aldehyde | C=O at end, |
| ketone | C=O in chain, |
| amino |  |
| sulfhydryl |  |
| carboxyl |  |
| phosphate |  |
| monomer | one unit molecule |
| polymer | multiple unit molecule |
| monosaccharide | one sugar unit |
| glucose |  |
| disaccharide | two sugar units |
| dehydration synthesis |  |
| sucrose | table sugar |
| hydrolysis |  |
| polysaccharide | multiple sugar units |
| glycogen | storage carb in mammals |
| cellulose | storage carb in plants |
| chitin | carb makes up insect exoskeleton |
| fatty acid |  |
| saturated |  |
| unsaturated |  |
| phospholipid |  |
| steroid |  |
| amino acid | building blocks of proteins |
| peptide bond |  |
| polypeptide | chain of amino acids |
| disulfide bond |  |
| primary structure | order of amino acids |
| alpha helix |  |
| secondary structure | alpha helix or pleated sheet |
| pleated sheet |  |
| tertiary structure | disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions |
| quaternary structure | multiple units come together |
| denatured proteins | lose level of structure |
| nucleic acids | RNA and DNA |
| DNA |  |
| purines |  |
| adenine | binds with T or U |
| guanine | binds with C |
| pyrimidines |  |
| cytosine | binds with G |
| thymine | binds with A (in DNA) |
| RNA | A,C,U,G |
| uracil | Binds with A (in RNA) |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | conservation of energy |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | entropy in closed system goes up |
| exergonic |  |
| endergonic |  |
| activation energy | enzymes reduce this |
| enzyme |  |
| substrate | chemical an enzyme acts opon |
| product | result of enzymatic reaction |
| active site | portion of enzyme that attaches to substrate |
| coenzymes and cofactors | "assist" enzymes |
| competitive inhibition |  |
| noncompetitive inhibition |  |
| feedback inhibition |  |
| allosteric |  |
