| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element that still shows the properties of the element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| acid | releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| molecular formula | shows the kinds and ratios of atoms in a compound |
| neutralization | reaction that occurs when equal strength acids and bases are mixed in equal volumes |
| covalent bond | bond is formed when atoms share electrons |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | a charged atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses |
| nonpolar covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| ph | measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| reactants | substances that participate in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy need to start a chemical reaction |
| amino acid | subunits that form proteins |
| carbohydrate | organic compound is used mostly for energy |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| cholesterol | steroid used to form the hormones testosterone and estrogen |
| disaccharide | double sugars |
| double helix | structure of the dna molecule |
| enzyme substrate complex | substance formed when a substrate occupies active site of enzyme |
| sucrose | sugar formed when glucose bonds to fructose |
| genes | units of heredity |
| glycerol | three carbon alcohol that is an important component of lipids |
| hydrogen bond | bond formed by polar molecules attraction |
| macromolecules | the very large organic molecules found in living tissue |
| mass number | sum total of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| monosaccharide | simplest forms of carbohydrates |
| nucleotides | subunits of the nucleic acids |
| phospholipid | phosphorous containing lipids of the cell membrane |
| polypeptide | name for proteins based on the type of bonds found in proteins |
| primary structure | protein structure is determined by the number of kinds of and sequence of amino acids |
| proteins | organic compound has the most different kinds of functions and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| replication | process by which a dna molecule can make an exact copy of itself |
| saturated fatty acid | lipid component with only carbon to carbon single bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants |
| tertiary structure | protein structure is determined by the interaction of variable groups within the polypeptide chain |
| translation | process by which messenger RNA and transfer RNA form a protein |
| unsaturated fatty acid | lipid component with some carbon to carbon double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| competitive inhibition | enzyme inhibition associated with molecules with shapes similar to those of the enzyme’s normal substrate |
| pyrimidine | single ring nitrogen bases of dna and rna |
| thymine | nitrogen base always pairs with adenine in dna |
| adenine | nitrogen base always pairs with uracil in rna |
| cytosine | nitrogen base always pairs with guanine in both dna and rna |
| hydrophobic | substance that cannot mix with water |
| atomic nucleus | contains the protons and neutrons |
| atomic symbol | one or two letter abbreviations used to represent element |
| base | substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| structural formula | represent the positions of atoms in a substance |
| compound | sunstance composed of two or more different kinds of elements |
| electron | negative particle found in an atom |
| inorganic compound | compound that does not contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen together |
| ionic bond | bond is formed by the transfer of electrons |
| neutron | neutral particle in an atom |
| organic compound | compound composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen together |
| proton | positive particle in an atom |
| molecular formula | used to represent the types and ratios of atoms found in a substance |
| active site | area of an enzyme that binds with the substrate |
| amino group | group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| carboxyl group | group composed of carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group |
| cellulose | structural polysaccharide found in plants |
| coenzyme | substances needed by certain enzymes to completely form a working active site |
| dna | genetic material of all organisms |
| enzyme | biological catalyst |
| fatty acid | component of a lipid contains a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on one end |
| galactose | combines with glucose to form the sugar found in milk |
| glucose | sugar is used by all organisms in the process of respiration |
| glycogen | storage polysaccharide found in animals |
| lipid | organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes |
| maltose | sugar formed when two glucose molecules are bonded together |
| molecule | smallest part of a compound that still retains the properties of a compound |
| nucleic acid | kind of organic molecules that form dna and rna |
| peptide bond | bond used to join amino acids |
| polar covalent bond | bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally |
| polysaccharide | carbohydrate is formed of long chains of simple sugars |
| products | the materials that are formed by a chemical reaction |
| quaternary structure | protein structure is formed by the interaction of variable groups between different polypeptide chains |
| rna | nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells |
| secondary structure | protein structure is formed by the interaction of the amino groups and carboxyl groups within the polypeptide chain |
| sucrose | sugar formed when glucose and fructose are bonded together |
| transcription | process by which DNA copies its genetic code into a molecule of messenger RNA |
| triglyceride | lipid formed when three fatty acids are combined with one molecule of glycerol |
| variable group | part of an amino acid distinguishes the twenty different natural amino acids |
| allosteric enzyme | enzyme with two active sites |
| purine | double ring nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA |
| adenine | nitrogen base always pairs with thymine in dna |
| uracil | nitrogen base always pairs with adenine in rna |
| guanine | nitrogen base always pairs with cytosine in both dna and rna |
| hydrophillic | substance that can mix with and dissolve in water |
| dehydration synthesis | joining organic compunds by removing water |
| hydrolysis | breaking down organic compounds by adding water |
| diglyceride | lipid formed when one fatty acid is combined with one molecule of glycerol |
| monoglyceride | lipid formed when two fatty acids are combined with one molecule of glycerol |
| cytosine | nitrogen base that always pairs with guanine in both dna and rna |
