| A | B |
|---|
| Cleavage | The tendancy of a mineral to break along flat surfaces. |
| Luster | Description of the way it reflects light; metallic or non-metallic. |
| Streak | The color of the powder of a mineral. |
| Fracture | Break in irregular, non-repeating shapes. |
| Mineral | A naturally occuring, inorganic solid with crystal structure and a specific chemical composition; identified by the unique properties of each. |
| Ores | Materials mined for profit. |
| Rocks | Naturally occuring solids that can be made of just about anything found in or on the crust. |
| Natural Resources | Naturally produced materials that are useful to us because of their physical or chemical properties. |
| Physical Properties | Texture, density, color, hardness. |
| Chemical Properties | Ability to burn, how it reacts to acids. |
| 4 Groups of Natural Resources | Minerals, Rocks, Ores, Fossil Fuels. |
| Fossil Fuels | Naturally occuring objects that come from the remains of once living things; give off energy when burned. |
| Silicates | The most common group of minerals; make up 90 % of the crust. |
| The Rock Cycle | an on-going series of processes that produce the 3 main rock types |
| Mineral Crystals form from: | coolings magma & precipitation out of a solution. |
| 5 ways minerals form: | water evaporates, hot water cools, molten rock cools, heat & pressure cause changes, organisms produce minerals. |
| Igneous | from magma or lava |
| Sedimentary | from sediment |
| Metamorphic | rocks that have been morphed, changed, cooked. |
| Intrusive | formed inside the earth from magma; this allows a very slow cooling time so mineral grains have time to grow large enough to see. |
| Extrusive | formed on the surface from lava that exited from a volcano; very rapid cooling time so mineral grains do not have enough time to grow large enough to see, in some cases, volcanic glass is formed which means it cooled so fast no mineral grains exist at all. |
| Igenous Rocks | Intrusive- granite & diorite, Extrusive- tuff, obsidian, pumice & scoria. |
| Sediment | small pieces of natural material on earth's surface. |
| Compaction | pressing together |
| Cementation | water seeps thru surface layers of sediment & sedimentary rock; minerals in the rock dissolve & are carried further with the moving water; eventually the minerals precipitate out of the water & crystallize in tiny spaces btwn sediment, causing the sediment to cement together. |
| Sedimentary Rocks | Clastic-conglomerate, sandstones, shale. Organic- fossil limestone & coal. Chemical- rock salt & limestone. |
| Metamorphic Rocks form when: | existing rock is pushed towards the mantle; intense heat & pressure cause composition to recrystallize into other substances; appearance, texture, crystal structure, & composition can change. |
| Foliated | minerals are flattened into parallel bands or layers. |
| Non-foliated | no bands |
| Metamorphic Rocks | Foliated- gneiss, schist, garnet schist & slate. Non-foliated- quartzite & marble. |
| Geologic map | map that shows types of rocks & where they are located. |
| Rock Cycle | the set of natural processes that form, change, break down & re-form rocks. |
| Most igneous rocks are made up of | silicate minerals. |
| High silica= | light color. |
| Low silica= | dark color. |
