| A | B |
|---|
| Chromosomes | Packages of genetic information arranged in pairs. |
| Sequence | arrangement of bases that determines genetic code |
| Telomere | found at the end of chromosomes; may control the number of cell divisions |
| Nucleotides | Building blocks of DNA |
| Replication | duplicating (copying) chromosomes |
| Four | Number of bases found in DNA. |
| Codon | Sequence of three nucleotides or bases that code for an amino acid. |
| mRNA | Copies genetic instructions from DNA and carries them to the ribosomes (abbrev.). |
| template | one strand of DNA; pattern for mRNA synthesis |
| codon | three base pairs; basic unit of genetic information; determines amino acid |
| cancer | loss of control of cell division |
| genome | All of the genetic information of an individual or species |
| gene pharming | Use of transgenic animals to produce medicine |
| Bases | like the "rungs of a ladder" in DNA; the "letter" part of the nucleic acid |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar in DNA. |
| Testis | male gonad |
| Vector | outside carrier (molecule) used to deliver genes to a cell |
| Ovary | female gonad |
| DNA | Twisted ladder |
| Centromere | Round structure which holds duplicated chromosomes together. |
| Amino acid | specified by a codon (2 words) |
| Gonads | Reproductive organs; site of meiosis |
| Mutation | Permanent change in sequence of bases in a gene. |
| Genetic code | library |
| Spermatogenesis | formation of sperm |
| Prophase 1 | stage of meiosis where crossing over occurs |
| Ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| Uracil | base that is in RNA instead of thymine |
| Enzyme | a kind of protein |
| Crossing over | Chromosomes become wrapped around each other and exchange genes |
| Gamete | egg or sperm |
| Gene therapy | Inserting a normal gene to replace one that doesn't work |
| Translation | Process of protein synthesis. |
| Anaphase 1 | stage of meiosis; homologous pairs separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. |
| Recombinant | DNA from two sources |
| Reduction | result of meiosis on the number of chromosomes |
| Transcription | Process of copying the genetic information from DNA to RNA. |
| Oogenesis | formation of eggs |
| Zygote | union of egg and sperm |
| Metaphase 1 | stage of meiosis; homologous pairs line up in the middle of the spindle fibers. |
| Nondisjunction | homologous pairs or chromosome strands fail to separate; one cell has too many |
| Duplication | Making a copy of a chromosome |
| Transgenic | Organism which has had a foreign gene inserted |
| Messenger | Type of RNA that copies genetic instructions from DNA. |
| Transfer | Type of RNA that delivers amino acids to ribosomes. |
| Haploid | Half the normal number of chromosomes |
| tRNA | Single stranded nucleic acid that transports amino acids to the ribosomes (abbrev.). |
| Gene | Section or region along a DNA molecule / chromosome; codes (contains instructions) for a protein. |
| Helix | The shape of a DNA molecule / chromosome |
| Cloning | Produces many identical copies |
