| A | B |
|---|
| Celts | early Britons |
| Gaelic | Language of Celts |
| 55 BC | Julius Cesar invades Britannia |
| 43 AD | Rome wins Britannia under Claudius |
| 410 AD | Roman influence leaves due to fall of Rome |
| 449 AD | Anglo-Saxon Jutes take over Britannia |
| Anglo-Saxons | take over Britannia until 1066 |
| Old English | Language Beowulf is written in, Language of Anglo Saxons |
| Rumes | writings of Anglo Saxons |
| Kent (Canterbury) | Religious Center, St. Augustine went there |
| St. Augustine (597 AD) | Constantine sent St. Augustine to Kent (surprisingly, king welcomed him there) |
| The Venerable Bede | Religious clerk (monk) who wrote the religious history of England |
| The Ecclesiastical History of the English People | the title of the Venerable Bede's famous writing, written in Latin |
| Vikings (750 AD-1050 AD) | great ship builders/fierce fighters from the north sea, Raiders |
| Danelaw | Land given to the Vikings by Alfred the Great |
| Peace of Wedmore | Treaty between the Vikings and Alfred the Great/Major aggressions stopped |
| Alfred the Great 871 AD-899 AD | Warrior/scholar - King of Wessex - Joins all of Britannia together |
| Anglo Saxon Chronicles | Year by year orderd by Alfred the Great |
| Normans | Spoke french, leader is William the Conquerer |
| William the Conquerer | cousin to Edward the Confessor (who believes he is to be king) |
| Edward the Confessor | Heir to Alfred the Great, died in 1066 AD without and heir |
| Harold II | brother in law to Edward the Confessor, which to the people was close enough to be heir to throne |
| Battle of Hastings | Decided who would become king (William the Conquerer) |
| Middle English | the new language (cross between french and old english) |
| Epic | ex: Beowulf - Larger than life story/hero |
| Kenning | compound of words to descrbe |
| Halfdane | Son of Beow |
| Hrothgar | Son of Halfdane, King of Danes, built Heorot (Mead Hall) |
| Grendel | Monster who is attacking the Danes at Heorot (cursed by God) |
| Beowulf | Son of Ecgtheow, Hero of the Danes, nephew of Hygelac (Geat/swede) |
| Heorot | Mead Hall of Danes |
| Hygelac | King of Geats (swedes), Beowulfs uncle (mother is sister to hygelac) |
| Geats | Swedes |
| Danes | Hrothgars people (Danish) |
| Ecgtheow | Father to Beowulf, owes debt to Hrothgar (brother in law) |
| Unferth | verbally challenged Beowulf, son of Ecglaf, Lender of Hrunting(sword) |
| Freawaru | Hrothgar's Daughter, political pawn |
| Wiglaf | Helped Beowulf in fight with dragon, may be new king of Geats |
| 760AD - 1000AD | approx time Beowulf was written |
| Polytheistic | Religion with many gods |
| Druids | Religious leaders, Celtic |
| Claudius | Emporer of Rome 41-54 AD/3rd emporer |
| Hadrians Wall | Built by Roman Emporer Hadrian 122 AD to seperate Romans from Barbarians |
| Kent, North Umbria, Mercia, Wessex | Districts |
| 395 AD | Rome brought christianity to Britain |
