| A | B |
|---|
| Jurisdiction | Authority to hear certain cases |
| Marbury v. Madison | William Marbury did not receive commission and filed a suit in the Supreme Court |
| Roger Taney | Nominate chief justice by President Andrew when John Marshall died |
| "Separate but equal" doctrine | A policy which held that if facilities for different races were equal, they could be separate |
| Constitutional Courts | A court established by Congress under the Constitution |
| District Courts | Created to serve as trial courts |
| United States Marshal | carries out duties such as making arrests, securing jurors, and keeping order in the court room |
| United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit | Hears cases from a federal claims court, the court of international trade, the United States patent office, and other execuative agencies |
| Legislative Court | A court created to help Congress exercise its powers |
| Concurrent Jurisdiction | Authority shared by both federal and state courts |
| Original Jurisdiction | The authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | Authority held by a court to hear a case that is appealed from lower court |
| Litigant | A person engaged in a lawsuit |
| Due process clause | 14th amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
| Grand Jury | Group that hears charges against a suspect and decides whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial |
| Indictment | A formal charge by a grand jury |
| Petit Jury | A trial jury, usually consisting of 6 or 12 people, that weighs the evidence presented at a trial and renders a verdict |
| Judicial Circuit | A region containing a United States appellate court |
| Senatorial Courtesy | A system in which the president submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the senators from the candidate's before formally submitting it for full Senate approval |
| Riding the Circuit | Traveling to hold court in a justice's asigned region of the country |
| American Bar Association | Largest national organization of attorneys |
| Opinions | Written statements on cases they have already decided |
| Writ of certiorari | An order from the court to a lower court to send up the records on a case for review |
| Per curiam opinion | A brief, unasigned statement of the court's decision |
| Brief | A written statement setting forth the legal arguments, relevant facts, and precedents supporting one side of a case |
| Amicus Curiae | Come from the individuals, interest groups, or government agencies claiming to have information useful to the court's consideration of the case |
| Majority opinon | Expresses the views of the majority of the justices on a case |
| Concurring opinion | One or more justices who agree with the majority's conclusions about a case, but do so for different reasons |
| Dissenting opinion | The opinion of justices on the losing side in a case |
| Charles Evans Hughes | Chief Justice |
| Judicial Review | The Supreme Court's power to examine the laws and actions of local, state, and national governments and to concel them if they violate the Constitution |
| Impound | Refuse to send |
| Stare decisis | One of the basic principles of law in making judicial decisions |
| Precedent | A model on which to base later decisions or actions |
| Advisory opinions | A ruling on a law or action that has not been challenged |
| Bloc | Coalitionthat promotes a common interest |
| Swing vote | The deciding vote |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | "Equal but separate accomodations" upheld the Louisiana law as constitutional |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | Ruled that separate but equal educational facilities were unconstitutional |
