| A | B |
|---|
| Jacob Burkhardt | wrote "Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy", saw the revival of antiquity, the "perfecting of the individual" and secularism as its distingushing features. |
| Machiavelli | Wrote "The Prince", one of the most famous treatises on political power in the Western worlds. Believed that political activity could not be restricted by moral consideration. |
| Pico della Mirandola | Produced one of the most famous writings of the Renaissance, "Oration on the Dignity of Man" |
| Vittorino da Feltre | Founded secondary school in Mantua. based much of his educational system on the ideas of classical authors, especially cicero and Quintilian. Grammer, logic and rhetoric. |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Important role in process of moveable type, his Bible was the first real book produced from moveable type. |
| Masaccio | His cycle of frescoes in the Brancacci chapel has long been regarded as the first masterpiece of Early Renaissance art. A new realistic style of painting was born. |
| Donatello | made statue of David, which radiated a simplicity and strength that reflected the dignity of humanity. Spent time in Rome studying and copying the statues of antiquity. |
| Brunelleschi | Drew much inspiration from architectural movements of Roman antiquity. Designed the Church of San Lorenzo, which was very different from the great medieval cathedrals. |
| Louis XI | Greatly developed a French territorial state. Called the founder of the French national state. |
| Henry VII | the first Tudor king, worked to reduce internal dissension and establish a strong monarchial government. |
| Ivan III | New Russian state was born during his reign. He annexed other Russian principalities and took advantage of dissension among the Mongols to throw off their yoke by 1480 |
| John Wyclif | Oxford theologian, claimed that there was no basis in Scripture for papal claims of temporal authority. Denounced the popes as Antichrist. Urged Bible to be available in the vernacular languages. |
| John Hus | Czech reformer. Urged elimination of the worldliness and corruption of the clergy and attacked the excessive powero f the papacy within the Catholic churh. |
| Battle of Bosworth | War of the Roses, Where Henry Tudor defeated the last Yorkist king, Richard the III, establishing the new Tudor dynasty. |
| Alexander VI | A member of the Borgia family. Known for debauchery and sensuality. Scandalized the church by encouraging Cesare to carve a territorial state in central Italy out of the territories of the Papal States. |
| Julius II | Called the Warrior Pope. Personally led armies against enemies, much to the disgust of pious Christians. |
| Leo X | Successor of Julius II, patron of Renaissance culture. |
| Castiglione | wrote "Book of the Courtier", writing about the attributes of the perfect courtier, including classical education, miltary exercises, arts. |
| Lorenzo Valla | Example of humanist. Turned attention to the literary criticism of ancient texts. His most famous work was his demonstration that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery. |
