| A | B |
|---|
| coevolution | back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of ecosystem |
| predation | occurs when one organism feeds on another |
| parasitism | a special case of predation in which one organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger organisms and do not often kill their prey |
| secondary compounds | they are defensive chemicals that virtually all plants contain |
| competition | the interaction with two species using the same resource |
| symbiosis | when two or more species live together in a close long term association |
| mutualism | it is a symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefit |
| commensalism | it's a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other in neither harmed or helped |
| niche | it is a funtional role of a particular species in an ecosystem of how an organism lives, and the job it performs within an ecosystem it is how the organism effects energy flow within the ecosystem |
| fundamental niche | the total niche an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem, the entire range of conditions it can tolerate |
| realized niche | the part of the fundamental niche actually occupies |
| character displacement | it is the increased difference when living together. Ecologists think it is the result of evolution to reduce competition |
| competitive exclusion | it is the local elimination of one competing species |
| principle of competitive exclusion | its states that if two species are competing the species that uses the resource more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally no two species can have the same niche |
| rain shadow effect | its the phenomenon in which the leeward sides of mountains are often much drier than their winward sides, and the vegetation is often very different |
| plankton | its the freely drifting microscopic organisms in the upper waters of the ocean it is a diverse biological community that includes bacteria algae fish larvae and other small animals |
| biome | it is a major terrestrial community that is found in different areas with similar climates |
| toxicodendron | they are plants with defensive chemicals like poison ivy and poison oak they contain or they produce a gummy oil called urushoil |
| chthamalus stellatus | species that live in shallow water where it is often exposed to air by receding tides |
| balanus balanoides | species that live lower down on the rocks where it is rarely exposed to the atmosphere |
| tropical rainforests | lush equatorial forests |
| savannas | they are dry tropical grasslands |
| deserts | arid lands |
| temperate grasslands | they are seas of grass |
| temperate deciduous forests | they are rich hardwood forests |
| taiga | they are great coniferous forests of the north |
| tundra | they are cold plains of the far north |
