| A | B |
|---|
| Jebediah Smith | exploreer who opened up the West with the discovery of the South Pass |
| rendezvous | yearly meeting to "present yourself" and your furs to sell to eastern businessmen |
| Mormons | members of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 and sought religious freedom in the West |
| mountain men | trappers and explorers who opened up the western pioneer trails |
| converts | people who accept a new religious belief |
| Jim Beckworth | legendary trapper who explored the West and opened up the fur trade |
| land speculators | people who buy land in the hope that it will increase in value |
| Brigham Young | Mormon leader who moved his followers to Utah to practice their religion in peace |
| Santa Fe Trail | trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| Oregon Trail | trail that ran westward from Independence Missouri to the Oregon Territory |
| improve their economic situation | reason most Americans went west |
| Tejas | name the Spanish explorers gave present day Texans |
| Stephen E. Austin | founded a colony for Americans in Spanish Texas |
| Tejanos | people of Mexican Heritage who consider Texas their home |
| Juan Seguin | Tejano hero of the Texas Revolution |
| Sam Houston | commander of the Texas army at the Battle of San Jacinto and later elected president of the Republic of Texas |
| annex | join or merge terrritory into an existing political unit such as a country or state |
| Santa Anna | Mexican president who led an army against Texas. |
| Battle of the Alamo | battle between Texas and Mexico in 1836 in which all Texan soldiers were killed |
| Lone Star Republic | nickname of the republic of Texas when it became free from Mexico |
| James K. Polk | 11th president of the U.S. who was committed to westward expansion |
| Mexican cession | Mexican territory surrenedered to the U.S. at the end of the war with Mexico |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | treaty that ended the War with Mexico |
| Bear Flag Revolt | rebellion by Americans in 1846 against Mexican rule of California |
| mainfest destiny | belief that the U.S. was meant to expand from coast to coast |
| Zachary Taylor | U. S. general who led the battle over the disputed territory of the Rio Grande |
| recognized Texas as part of the U.S.; agreed that the Rio Grande would be the border between the U.S. and Mexico, gave up a huge region of land, about half of present-day Texas; U.S. promised to protect Mexicans living in Texas and Mexican Cession | terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Gadsden Purchase | land purchased from Mexico in 1853 for 10 million for the purpose of creating a transcontinental railroad |
| forty-niner | person who went to California to find gold in 1849 |
| migration | movement of people from one country or locality to another |
| Californios | settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent who populated California |
| Mariano Vallejo | propsperous Californio who lost a lot of property after American settlement |
| James Marshall | carpenter who discovered gold in California in 1848 |
| California gold rush | migration of thousands of settlers to California in search of gold. |
| Marcus and Narcissa Whitman | missionaries who wrote exciting reports about Oregon that encouraged many eastern people to head west |
| William Henry Ashley | created the rendevous system |
| trade | reason Mexico opened their borders to Americans after they became independent from Spain |
| polygamy | practice of allowing a man to have more than one wife |
| Salt Lake City | Mormon settlement in Utah |
| James Polk | 11th president of the United States that believed in Manifest Destiny |
| Stephen Kearny | took New Mexico without firing a shot |
| Winfield Scott | General who captured Mexico City |
| John O'Sullivan | came up with the phrase Manifest Destiny in a newspaper editorial |
| 49th | parallel negotiated between U.S. and great Britain which gave U.S. control of Oregon beneath it |
| Rio Grande | border claimed by U.S. as the border separating Mexico and the U.S. |
| Nueces River | border that Mexicans claimed as the border between U.S. and Mexico |
| 1852 | year that the California Gold Rush peaked |
| 2/3 | fraction of miners in California who were American |
| Chinese | nationality of people forced from the mines by discrimination and a $20 tax |
| John O'Sullivan | newspaper editiro who coined the term "manifest destiny" |
| "Fifty-four forty or fight" | Polk's campaign slogan which referred to the latitude line of the Northern border of the territory shared between Engand and America |
| Canada | nation who shares our border at the 49th parallel |
| 30 million | amount of money America offered Mexico for the land between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande |
| Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints | Name of the Mormon Church founded by Joseph Smith |
| polygamy and holding property in common | 2 Mormon practices that led to many non-Mormon people to persecute/discriminate against the Mormons? |
| getting settlers to move there | difficulty Spain had concerning their Texas territory |
| become Mexican citizens and members of the Roman Catholic Church | two conditions that Santa Anna said that settlers had to do in order to live in an American colony in Texas |
| The Old 300 | name given to the first families who settled in Texas |
| 6 to 1 | By 1830 the Americans outnumbered the tejanos in Texas by what ratio |
| closed Texas to further American immigration, make Americans pay taxes and sent troops to enforce laws | 3 ways in which Santa Anna cracked down on Americans living in Texas |
| mission | original use f the Alamo |
| 180 | # of people who defended the Alamo |
| 13 days | length of the battle at the Alamo |
| Goliad | battle where the atrocities were far worse than at the Alamo |
| John Marshall | 1st person to discover gold in California in 1848 |
| John Fremont | name of the western exploreer that joined the Bearflag Revolt |
| Zachary Taylor | won the northern front in the war with Mexico |
| Stephen Austin | man who spent a year in jail because he supported breaking away from Mexico |
