| A | B |
|---|
| Justinian | leader of the Byzantine Empire |
| Theodora | wife of Justinian;trusted advisor |
| Byzantine Empire | eastern half of the Roman Empire |
| Muslims | followers of Islam |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam |
| Quran | holy book of Islam |
| mosque | place of worship for Muslims |
| jihad | to struggle |
| Islam | a religion based on the messages of Muhammad |
| pilgrimage | a journey to a sacred place |
