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| Agrarian | A person who advocates the political interests of working farmers; of or relating to, the ownership, tenure and cultivation of land |
| Agribusiness | A generic term for the various businesses involved in food production, including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing and retail sales |
| Agricultural location model | An attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance and prices |
| Agriculture | The science and practice of farming including the cultivation of the soil and the rearing of livestock |
| Animal domestication | The process whereby a population of animals, through a process of selection, becomes accustomed to human provision and control |
| Aquaculture | Involves cultivation freshwater and saltwater populations |
| Biorevolution | Decoding of entire genomes or genetic codes for species, which allows biologists studying organisms as different as a bacterium and a human being, a common language in which to communicate |
| Biotechnology | A field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields |
| Collective Farm | Communal farming are types of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise |
| Commercial agriculture | agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
| Crop rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Cultivation Regions | An area suited by climate and soil conditions to the growing of a certain type of crop or plant group |
| Dairying | Branch of agriculture that encompasses the breeding, raising and utilization of primary cows for the production of milk |
| Debt-for-nature swap | Financial transactions in which a portion of a developing nation's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investment in conservation measures |
| Double cropping | The practice of consecutively producing two crops of wither like or unlike commodities on the same land within the same year |
| Economic activity | The use of scarce resources in the provision of goods to satisfy unlimited wants |
| Environmental Modification | The deliberate manipulation of natural processes |
| Extensive subsistence agriculture | Self-sufficiency farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their families |
| Extractive industry | Industry that involves mining, such as to obtain copper or other valuable minerals found in the earth |
| Farm crisis | Term describing times of agricultural recession, low crop prices and low farm incomes that can lead to farm bankruptcy |
| Feedlot | Type of animal feeding operation which is used in factory farming for finishing livestock, notably beef cattle |
| First agricultural revolution | The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement |
| Food chain | Representations of the predator-prey relationships between species within an ecosystem or habitat |
| Forestry | The art and science of managing forests, tree plantations and related natural resources |
| Globalized agriculture | Small farms will be replaced by large farms, which in turn will be controlled by giant multinational corporations |
| Green Revolution | Great increase in production of good grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century |
| Growing season | The period of each year when native plants and ornamental plants grow |
| Hunting and gathering | The subsistence method based on edible plants and animals from the wild |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | The primary subsistence pattern of large-scale, populous societies |
| Intertillage | Turning up land between rows of crop plants |
| Livestock ranching | An area of landscape, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of raising and grazing livestock |
| Market gardening | The growing of vegetables or flowers for market |
| Mediterranean agriculture | Farming system found in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea |
| Mineral Fuels | A carbonaceous fuel mined or stripped from the earth, such as petroleum, coal, peat and shale oil |
| Mining | The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body |
| Planned economy | An economic system in which the state directs the economy |
| Plant domestication | Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention |
| Plantation agriculture | A commercial tropical agriculture system which is essentially export-oriented |
| Renewable | Resources that can regenerate as they are exploited |
| Nonrenewable | Resources that cannot be regenerated |
| Second agricultural revolution | Took place which increased efficiency of production as well as distribution which allowed more people to move to the cities as the industrial revolution go under way |
| Specialization | The separation of tasks within a system |
| Staple grains | A type of edible grain, usually wheat or corn, on which a group of people are dependent |
| Suitcase farm | Commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives, planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews |
| Survey patterns | Survey of major patterns of physical features, culture and human-land relations |
| Sustainable yield | Natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself |
| Third Agricultural Revolution | For the first time farmers using substantial inputs purchased off their farms, in the form of fertilizers for their land and artificial feedstuffs for their animals |
| Tragedy of the commons | A dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's interest for this to happen |
| Truck Farm | Commercial gardening and fruit farming so named for bartering or the exchange of commodities |
| Monoculture | Dependence on a single agricultural commodity |
| Pastoralism | An agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock. |
| Genetically Modified Organisms | Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods |
| Deforestation | The clearing and destruction of forests to clear land for agricultural uses |
| Desertification | The encroachment of desert conditions on arable land |
