| A | B |
|---|
| Non - Disjuction | changes number of autosomes or sex xhromosomes. Change affects development and resulting phenotypes. |
| Aneuploidy | having too few copies of chromosome sets |
| Polyploidy | having too many copies of chromosome sets. |
| Mitosis | the process of nuclear division in which replicated chromosomes separate and form two daughter nucei genetically identical to each other and the parent nucleus. |
| Diploid | having both members of each pair =2n |
| Haploid | having one member of each pair present =n |
| Gene | the biologicalunti of inheritance that transmits hereditary information from parent to offspring and controls the appearance of a physical, behavioral, or biochemical trait. |
| Allel | one of the alternative forms of a gene |
| Genotype | to the particular alleles an individual carries (letter designation pairs, i.e. BB or Bb) |
| Phenotype | refers to an individual’s observable expression of a genotype (BB~Brown eyes) |
| Dominant | allele or phenotype is said to be dominant when its effect on a trait masks that of any recessive allele paired with it. We use capital letters to indicate dominant alleles. |
| Recessive | an allele or corresponding phenotypic trait whose expression is masked by the presence of a dominant allele and that is only expressed in the homozygote (individuals who have two copies of the recessive allele, i.e. rr) We lose lower case letters to indicate recessive alleles. |
| Homozygous | when both alleles of a pair are identical (i.e. BB or bb) |
| Heterozygous | when alleles of a pair are not identical (i.e. Bb) depending on the degree of k-individual, or an intermediate phenotype. |
