| A | B |
|---|
| Apartheid | laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. |
| Balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities |
| Balkanized | a small geographic area taht could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. |
| Blockbusting | a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood |
| Centripetal force | an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state |
| Ethnic cleansing | Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region |
| Ethnicity | Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural tradtions |
| Multi-ethnic state | state that contains more than one ethnicity |
| Multinational state | state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalitites |
| Nationalism | Loyalty and devotion to a particualr nationality |
| Nationality | identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born |
| Nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particualr ethnicitythat has been transformed into a nationality |
| Race | identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor |
| Racism | belief that race is the primary determinant of of human traits and capacities and taht racial differencesproduce an inherent superiority of a particular race |
| Racist | a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism |
| Self-determination | concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
| Sharecropper | a person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops |
| Triangular slave trade | a practice, primarily during the eighteenth centrury, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to caribbean islands, molasses from teh caribbean to Eruope, and trade goods from Europe to Africa |
