| A | B |
|---|
| Genghis Khan | “Supreme ruler” of the Mongols |
| The Golden Horde | name given to Mongol invaders in Russia/Eastern Europe due to the color of theiir tents |
| nomad | person who moves from place to place to search for food for their herds |
| civil service exams | test given to determine persons of talent for a government job |
| tributary states | states that acknowledged China as their superior ("boss") & had to pay a tribute (tax) to China |
| 5 key relationships of Confucius | 1) ruler - subject; 2) parents - children; 3) older sibling - younger sibling; 4) husban - wife; 5) older friend - younger friend |
| Duties of each in the Confucian relationships | Superiors [rulers, parents, husbands, older persons] take care of people & set a good example; Inferiors [subjects, children, wioves, younger persons] owe loyalty to people above & obey, respect them |
| filial piety | respect for family & obedience to oldest male |
| Mongol technology | excellent horsemen & bowmen, use of cannons & gun powder |
| Dynastic cycle/ Mandate of heaven | Mandate of heaven = the right to rule coming from the gods; Dynastic cycle = change of dynasties = a new dynasty gains the Mandate of Heaven & thus takes the place of an old dynasty which has lost the Mandate |
| Pax Mongolia | Peace & political stability set up by Mongolian Empire that spread all across Asia - led to an exchange of goods & cultural diffusion between east & west |
| Marco Polo | Italian merchant came to China on the Silk Road – his adventures [he wrote about in his book] caused EUROPEANS to want to TRADE more with CHINA |
| Kublai Khan | grandson of Ghengis Khan; Mongol emperor of China [called Yuan Dynasty] encourages trade along Silk Road, (visited by Marco Polo) |
| The Silk Road | trade route across ASIA = goods & ideas were exchanged between the east [China, India] + the west [Middle East] This exchange is called CULTURAL DIFFUSION |
| Moveable Type | an early form of printing (led later to the printing press) |
| Middle Kingdom | name the Chinese called themselves because they were isolated from the world by geography (Pacific Ocean, mountains, jungles, Gobi Desert) & thus believed they were the center of the universe & superior to other cultures |
| Zheng He | Famous Chinese sea captain & explorer during Ming Dynasty; set up trade & diplomat realations as far as the Persian Gulf & Africa |
| pagoda | multi-storied Buddhist temple; with style of architecture that has the corners of the roof turned up |
| foot-binding | done to Chinese upper class ("indoors") women as a sign of beauty, attractive to get a husband & probably to "keep women in their place" |
| Legalism | Chinese philosophy = strict laws & harsh punishments & strong leaders needed to keep order |
| Tang & Song SOCIAL HIERARCHY | 1) gentry (landowners, scholars & usually officials in the government); 2) peasants - frarmed the land; 3)merchants - thought to be opn the bottom because they made a profit selling things made by the hard work of others |
| How is the social structure of Tang China similar/different from that of Medieval Europe? Whty? | SIMILARITY = Both places, you could move up in class by working hard, education, ect. DIFFERENCES = In Europe, merchants could work they way up in rank to the middle class. In China merchants were lower than peasants because in Confucian philosophy, merchants made money off other people’s work – which was “dishonest”; ALSO, o In China the landowners [gentry] could take part in government & gain power by passing the civil service exams. But in Europe power was based on feudal obligations [land exchanged for service] |
| What made Ghengis Khan and the Mongols so strong militarily? | excellent horsemen & bowmen + used new technology such as cannons |
| What was Ghengis Khan able to achieve? | 1) United all the Mongolian tribes & 2) He & his grandsons conquered the LARGEST EMPIRE IN THE WORLD = all across ASIA [including China, Tibet, Korea, Vietnam, Russia, India, Mesopotamia |
| What achievements made the Song Dynasty a "Golden Age"? | Built pagoda temples; Calligraphy = fine writing; Made porcelain pottery; created Landscape paintings; Knew how to make paper |
| What impact did the Mongol Dynasty have on the development of global trade? | Helped GLOBAL TRADE by using their army to protect trade routes throughout their vast empire, especially the SILK ROAD |
| Chronological Order of Chinese dynasties | Tang, Song, Mongol/Yuan, Ming |
| Two achievements developed during the Ming Dynasty | blue & white porcelain vases; moveable type for printing books; |
| Jade Carving, Ivory Carving, Acupuncture | began in Han Dynasty & continued iinto the Tang |
