| A | B |
|---|
| thermometer | a tool that measures temperature |
| hydrometer | a tool that measures water vapor in the air |
| barometer | a tool that measures air pressure |
| humidifier | a device that puts moisture in the air |
| dehumidifier | a device that takes moisture out of the air |
| gas | vapor (example) |
| liquid | water (example) |
| solid | ice (example) |
| evaporation | cools your body in the summer - water is heated; turns liquid into vapor |
| condensation | forms on a cold glass in the summer - gas is cooled; turns gas into liquid |
| AIR takes up space | You can force air into or out of the room (door experiment), breathing makes you expand, balloons |
| AIR is invisible | If you look for it, you can't see it but you can feel it |
| AIR has weight | You can weigh a balloon and air holds water in a jar |
| Moving AIR has less pressure | Blow air on air foil, faster air means it's lighter |
| Warm AIR expands and rises | A hot air balloon is an example |
| Mixture of gases in the ATMOSPHERE | 75% nitrogen and 22% oxygen (3% other), you can burn out a candle in a jar because the oxygen burns off |
| element | a basic substance that can't be simplified (hydrogen, oxygen) - ALL kinds of atoms |
| atom | the smallest amount of an element |
| molecule | two or more atoms that are chemically joined together - made up of elements (H2O) |
| Troposphere | The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the troposphere. This layer is where weather occurs. It begins at the surface of the earth and extends out to about 10 miles. |
| Stratosphere | Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 30 miles above the earth's surface. There is less oxygen, it is colder, and the air is thinner. |
| Ozone Layer | Found in the Stratosphere, this layer blocks UV (ultraviolet) rays |
| Mesosphere | From about 50 miles above the surface of the earth lies the mesosphere, where the air is especially thin and molecules are great distances apart. The temperature can be as cold as -100 Kelvin. |
| Thermosphere | The thermosphere rises about hundred miles above the earth's surface. The Northern Lights are in this layer of the atmosphere. The Thermosphere is also known as the Ionosphere. Radio waves bounce back to earth from the ion layers in the Thermosphere. |
| Exosphere | This layer extends to about 310 miles. Satellites orbit the Earth in the Exosphere. |
| Northern Lights | The northern lights are a colorful glow that can be seen in the night sky, usually in the north polar region. These lights are also called the "aurora borealis", which is Latin for "northern dawn". |
| drag | As an airplane flies through the air, it drags some of the air forward with it, so that air pulls the airplane back. |
| lift | Lift is generated because the wing moves air downwards, so that air pushes upwards on the wing, so the plane is pushed up |
| space | begins about 300 miles up, where the atmosphere ends |
| gravity | keeps the atmosphere from flying away from Earth |
| atmosphere | protects Earth from meteors, which is why you find very few craters on Earth |
| clouds | condensed water vapor |
| Water evaporates and turns into ______________________. | clouds |
| When clouds are too full of water, it begins to _________________. | rain |
| cumulus clouds | Fair weather clouds that are below 6,000 feet (look like puffy cotton) |
| stratus clouds | Grayish clouds that are found below 6,000 feet (look like stretched out cotton) |
| nimbostratus | Form a dark gray, wet looking cloudy layer associated with continuously falling rain found below 6,000 feet |
| altocumulus | Medium high clouds occupy altitudes of 6,000 feet to 20,000 feet - bring rain or snow |
| altostratus | Medium high clouds occupy altitudes of 6,000 feet to 20,000 feet - appear before a storm with a lot of rain, but if the rain hits the ground it is then classiified as a nimbostratus cloud |
| cumulonimbus | Form near the ground reaching to approximately 20,000 feet - thunderstorm clouds are associated with heavy rain, snow, hail, lightning and even tornadoes. |
| fog | A cloud on the ground. It is composed of billions of tiny water droplets floating in the air. |
| cirrocumulus | Clouds found between 20,000 and 40,000 feet -are usually seen in the winter and indicate fair, but cold weather |
| cirrostratus | Clouds found between 20,000 and 40,000 feet - sheetlike, thin clouds |
| cirrus | Clouds found between 20,000 and 40,000 feet - most common high cloud, fair weather cloud (looks like a wispy, thin, curly piece of cotton) |
