| A | B |
|---|
| Brooding | supplementl heat required |
| Rearing | no supplemental heat required |
| Housing provides: | a physical barrier for protection |
| Curtain Sided | natural ventilation and light |
| Environmentally controlled | mechanical ventilation, artificial light |
| Open Ceiling | lower cost, insulation, greater volume |
| Drop Ceiling | higher cost, insulation, less volume |
| Temperature is maintained by: | the heating cooling and ventilating systems |
| Poikilotherm | 1st 10 days body temperature varies w/ environment- cold blooded |
| Homoiotherm | 10 days on body temperature, independent of environment-warm blooded |
| Heating System | supplemental gas heat is required during brooding |
| Area Brooding | brooder ring contains chicks, hover brooder warms chick |
| Warm house brooding | chickes move freely, air warmed by heater |
| Ventilation System | summer and winter |
| Summer ventilation system | remove heat, maximum rate, low velocity, ,8-48" |
| Winter ventilation system | remove moisture, minimum rate, high velocity, 1- 48" |
| Natural Ventilation | Requires a breeze, no cost, poor control |
| Negatice Pressure System (Mechanical Ventilation) | exhaust fan and air inlets, best control, requires tight house |
| Positive pressure system (Mechanical Ventilation) | inlet fan tempers air, exhaust out end curtains, good for old loose houses |
| Cooling System | evaporation of water to reduce temperature |
| Fogging nozzles | low cost, 60% efficient, low maintenance |
| Evaporative pads | High cost, 90% efficient, high maintenance |
| Evaporative cooling only works on | Hot days |
| Evaporative cooling requries | high temperature/ low humidity |
| Air Quality is determined by: | The ventilation system and the ventilation rate |
| Minimum winter ventilation | removes moisture with minimum heat loss |
| Ventilatin to Balance moisture also: | eliminates excess ammonia, carbon dioxide, and supplies adequate oxygen |
| Lighting Systems | promotes feeding and drinking, stimulates reproduction |
| natural light | no control, no cost, seasonal |
| artificial light | fully controlled, electricity cost, supplemental |
| Artificial- Incandescent light | low purchase cost, high electric cost, high maintenance |
| Artificial- Fluorescent light | high purchase cost, low electric cost, low maintenance |
| Feeding systems | fully automatic |
| Feeding systems- Chain | continuous loop, seperates feed, excessive wear |
| Feeding Systems- Pan | individual pans, adjustable flow, chichs get stuck |
| Watering Systems | supply fresh water, medication route |
| Trough | spreads disease, must be cleaned daily, adds water to litter |
| Cup | catches dirt, difficult to clean, leaks |
| Bell | not good for chicks, collects dirt, difficult to clean |
| Nipple | no cleaning, pressure sensitive, reduces disease |
| Litter and Deep Pit Systems | manure stored in the house and is removed yearly, moisture is removed by ventilation |
| Flush and Scraper Blade Systems | manure is stored outside the house and is removed daily, no moisture is removed |
| Manure is used for | fertilizer and ruminant feed |
| Litter System (broiler, turkeys) | absorbent, inexpensive, orgainc, non-toxic |
| Deep Pit, Flush, and Scraper Blade System | layers |
| Flush System | waste pumped into a lagoon |
| Scraper Blade System | manure is spread on a field |
