| A | B |
|---|
| diamond | the hardest mineral crystal on Earth; a form of carbon |
| graphite | form of carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers |
| fullerene | form of carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern similar to the surface of a soccer ball |
| organic compound | most compounds that contain carbon |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
| molecular formula | a combination of chemical symbols that represent the elements in each molecule of a compound |
| subscript | a number in a formula written lower and smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule |
| structural formula | a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms |
| isomer | one of a number of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
| saturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
| substituted hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
| hydroxyl group | an -OH group, found in alcohols |
| alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups |
| organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the -COOH group of atoms |
| carboxyl group | a -COOH group, found in organic acids |
| ester | an organic compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid |
| polymer | a large molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules are bonded together |
| monomer | one molecule that makes up the links in a polymer chain |
| synthetic | a material that is not formed naturally but is manufactured |
| nutrient | a substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or function properly |
| digestion | the process of breaking polymers into monomers by means of a chemical change |
| carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| glucose | a sugar found in the body; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates |
| complex carbohydrate | a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates |
| starch | a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy |
| cellulose | a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
| protein | an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids |
| amino acid | one of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
| lipid | an energy-rich polymer made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol are lipids |
| fatty acid | an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil |
| cholesterol | a waxy lipid found in all animal cells |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; examples are DNA and RNA |
| DNA | DeoxyriboNucleic Acid |
| RNA | RiboNucleic Acid |
| nucleotide | an organic compound that is one of the monomers of nucleic acids |
| vitamin | an organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
| mineral | a simple element needed by the body, that is not organic |
