| A | B |
|---|
| Fannie Lou Hammer | Acted as spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Party |
| Thurgood Marshall | NAACP lawyer who argued the famous BROWN v THE BOARD OF EDUCATION case before the supreme court |
| Malcolm X | Black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate themselves from white society. In later years he called for the opposite: INTEGRATION |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Minister and civil rights leaders who followed the prinicple of NONVIOLENT PROTEST. |
| John F Kennedy | President, unlike many others, who demanded that Congress pass sweeping civil rights legislation. Kennedy did not live to see the changes. |
| Lyndon B Johnson | President who oversaw a committee dedicated to studying the causes of URBAN VIOLENCE. |
| James Meredith | Military veteran famous for being the first black to attend the University of Mississippi. Meredith had to be escorted by the National Guard on campus. |
| Rosa Parks | Activist who refusal to give up her seat on a segregated bus led to the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
| Dwight D Eisenhower | President who helped the LITTLE ROCK NINE by sending in soldiers to escort them to class at the Little Rock, ARkansas High School that had just been integrated. |
| Stokely Carmichael | Civil Rights leader who at the beginning followed the ideas of nonviolence but later grew impatient and called for BLACK POWER. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Made segregation of the races illegal in PUBLIC places. |
| Brown v. The Board of Education | Supreme court case that finally overturned "separate but equal" in public schools. |
| Kerner Commission | Appointed by Lyndon Johnson to study violence in urban (cities) areas. Commission found that the main cause was white racism. |
| Voting Rights of 1965 | Allowed the federal government to REGISTER voters for the first time. |
| Black Power Movement | Led by Stokely Camichael and demanded blacks to give up the nonviolence approach. |
| Montgomery Improvement Association | Organizationto promote civil rights in Alabama. The group used economic pressure to force change. For example, BOYCOTTS of businesses. |
| De Facto Segregation | Discrimination that existed but was not found in any written laws. It just simply occurred. For example, a higher concentration of blacks in the cities than in the suburbs. Not a law but happened. |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader in Vietnam who became a US nemesis under the Truman Doctrine. |
| 1968 | Explosive year because there were 2 ASSASSINATIONS (King Jr and Robert Kennedy), Tet Offensive( Surprise attack on US forces), and political turmoil. |
| War Powers Act | Passed by Congress to stop the president from continuing war in Vietnam after Congress stupidly gave away control with the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. |
| Ho Chi Minh Trail | Used by the North Vietnam Vietcong to transport supplies and troops. Bombed heavily by the US and went underground. |
| Khmer Rouge | Communist group that took control of neighboring Cambodia after Vietnam turns into a stalemate. Proof for many that communism would spread like falling dominoes. |
| Vietnamization | President Richard Nixon's idea. "Peace with Honor" whereby US troops would slowly leave Vietnam. Nixon lied about this and actually increased troops and expanded the war to Cambodia. |
| Vietcong | South Vietnam citizens who instead of being happy that US troops were there to help joined the communist side. |
| Vietminh | organization whose goal was to win Vietnam's independence from foreign control. |
| Henry Kissinger | US negotiator for Nixon who finally negotiates peace. Easy to remember. His last name is KISSinger. |
| Army of the Republic of Vietnam | South Vietnam army that the US supported against the communist Vietcong led by Ho Chi Minh. |
