| A | B |
|---|
| alveoli | tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air & blood. 1 cell thick and located at the end of the bronchioles. |
| apex | uppermost portion of the lung |
| base | bottom part of lung |
| bronchi | Has ring of cartilage to keep pathway open, branches off trachea in a Y shape to take air into lungs |
| bronchi | passageways that branch from the trachea and direct air into the lungs |
| bronchiole | branches from the bronchi that carry oxygen to the alveoli |
| bronchioles | small tubes that branch off the bronchi that contain clusters of alveoli at each end. |
| bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope |
| capillaries | tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| chest imaging | chest x-ray; a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung tumors, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and emphysema |
| cilia | The fine hairlike projections from certain cells such as those in the respiratory tract that sweep in unison and help to sweep away fluids and particles |
| Cilia | help move the mucous layer that that lines the airways pushing trapped particles toward the esophagus where they are be swallowed. |
| cyanosis | a bluish discoloration or the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen |
| diaphragm | a sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the chest cavity from those of the abdminal cavity. Moves up and down to aid in respiration. |
| epiglottis | a flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea when eating and opens to allow breathing and speaking |
| expectoration | spitting or coughing up material from throat or bronchial tubes |
| expiration | diaphragm relaxes & moves up into original dome shape. This decreases the chest volume & moves air out of the lungs |
| external respiration | exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood |
| glottis | opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
| hemoglobin | specialized protein that carries oxygen on red blood cells |
| Hilum or Hilus | middle portion of lung, where the primary bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter |
| How many lobes does the left lung have | 2 lobes |
| How many lobes does the right lung have | 3 lobes |
| inspiration | inhalation; diaphragm contracts, rib cage rises and increases the volume of the chest cavity, air rushes into the lungs |
| internal respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body |
| laryngoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
| larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
| lungs | two spongy organs that are large & sac-like in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage. where external respiration happens |
| mucus | a slimy substance produced in the nose and throat to moisten and protect them |
| nares | fancy med-speak for nostrils |
| nasal cavity | the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucous and inhaled contaminants outward and away form the lungs. |
| Nasal septum | divides the nose into two hollow spaces called nasal cavities |
| palpation | diagnostic technique where doctor touches a body to examine it |
| Parietal pleura | attached to the chest wall |
| parietal pleura, intrapleural space, and visceral pleura | from outermost to innermost, the three tissues around the lungs |
| percussion | diagnostic technique where doctor taps on the body to examine it |
| pharyngoplasty | the surgical repair of the pharynx |
| pharyngotomy | a surgical incision of the pharynx |
| pharynx | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx |
| Pharynx | "throat;" has three sections, one behind the nasal cavity, one behind the oral cavity, and one above the larynx. |
| phrenic nerve | motor neuron to the diaphragm |
| Pleura | double layered membrane that encloses the lungs |
| pleural space | the airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes; contains lubricating fluid |
| respiratory system | system functions: 1. respiration; 2. making noise; 3. filtering out foreign bodies |
| rhinorrhea | the watery flow of mucus from the nose |
| Sections of the pharynx | nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
| septum | piece of flesh and cartilage separating the nares (nostrils) |
| auscultation | diagnostic technique of listening to body sounds, usually with a stethoscope |
| Sinuses | Cavities in the skull around the nasal area and that provide resonance for the voice and make the skull lighter. |
| sputum | substance spat out |
| thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity |
| thorax | chest between neck and diaphragm |
| tonsils | form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system |
| trachea | The main air tube leading into the respiratory system. The trachea is made of alternating rings of cartilage and connective tissue. |
| Visceral pleura | attached to the surface of the lungs |
| vocal cords | folds of tissue within larynx that vibrate and produce sounds |
| oropharynx | throat immediately behind the oral cavity |
| nasopharynx | throat immediately behind the nasal cavity |
| laryngopharynx | throat immediately above pharynx |
