| A | B |
|---|
| Apnea | absence of respiration, usually temporary |
| asthma | chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing using the air passage to narrow & causes shortness of breath |
| Bradypnea | slow respiration usually below 10 |
| bronchitis | inflammation & excess mucus production in the bronchi & bronchioles, caused by viral or bacterial infection or by chemical irritants (ex. smoke) - causes narrowing of the air passageways, making breathing & gas exchange difficult, leads to coughing |
| bronchospasm | a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
| colds | coryza; caused by viruses that mutate regularly- can be very serious for infants, elderly & those with other health complications |
| croup | an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough |
| Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, and or nail beds as a result of decreased O2 and increased CO2 in the blood stream |
| diphtheria | an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
| dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty |
| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| emphysema | obstructive pulmonary disease, overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange |
| empyema | an accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity |
| endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
| epistaxis | bleeding from the nose |
| Eupnea | normal breathing |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum |
| hemothorax | an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity |
| hypercapnia | the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypoxemia | a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood |
| hypoxia | the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; less severe than anoxia |
| influenza | an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months |
| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords; usually occurs in conjunction with other respiratory infections, but can just occur with overuse |
| laryngoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
| Orthopnea | severe dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing |
| pertussis | a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract |
| pharyngitis | an inflammation of the pharynx |
| pleural effusion | the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| pneumothorax | presence of air in the pleural cavity that causes the lung on the affected side to collapse |
| pnuemonia | disease of lungs that results in fluid build up in alveoli |
| pyothorax | the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
| rales | bubbling or noisy sounds caused by fluids or mucus in the air passages. |
| Sinusitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the sinuses; usually caused by a bacterium or virus |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 weeks and 1 year |
| Tachypnea | respiration rate above 25 per/minute |
| tuberculin skin testing | a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria |
| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs |
| wheezing | high pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiraiton |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nose. |
