| A | B |
|---|
| cuticle | The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of some plants |
| tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism |
| vascular tissue | The internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures. |
| fertilization | The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell. |
| zygote | A fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg |
| sporophyte | The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores for reproduction |
| gametophyte | The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells |
| gamete | A sperm cell or an egg cell |
| nonvascular plant | A low-growing plant that lacks vascular tissue |
| rhizoid | The thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant |
| bog | A wetland where sphagnum moss grows on top of acidic water |
| peat | The blackish-brown material consisting of compressed layers of dead sphagnum mosses that grow in bogs |
| vascular plant | A plant that has vascular tissue |
| frond | The leaf of a fern plant |
| hydroponics | The method of growing plants in a solution of nutrients instead of in soil |
| phloem | The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants |
| xylem | The vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants |
| seed | The plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering |
| embryo | The young plant that develops from a zygote. Also, a developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization has occurred |
| cotyledon | A seed leaf that stores food |
| germination | The early growth stage of the embryo plant in a seed. |
| stomata | The small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| transpiration | The process by which water is lost through a plant’s leaves |
| cambium | The layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells |
| root cap | A structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury. |
| gymnosperm | A plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective covering |
| cone | The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm. |
| pollen | Tiny particles produced by plants that contain the microscopic cells that later become sperm cells |
| ovule | A plant structure in seed plants that contains an egg cell. |
| pollination | The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants |
| angiosperm | A plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a protective structure |
| ovary | A protective structure in plants that encloses the developing seeds. Also, an organ of the female reproductive system in which eggs and estrogen are produced |
| flower | The reproductive structure of an angiosperm |
| petal | One of the colorful, leaflike structures of a flower. |
| sepal | A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower |
| pistil | The female reproductive parts of a flower |
| fruit | The ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds of an angiosperm |
| monocot | An angiosperm that has only one seed leaf |
| dicot | An angiosperm that has two seed leaves |
| tropism | The growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus |
| hormone | A chemical that affects a plant’s growth and development. Also, the chemical product of an endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down the activities of an organ or tissue. |
| auxin | The plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells |
| stamen | The male reproductive parts of a flower |
