| A | B |
|---|
| gene | segment of DNA that codes for certain traits |
| binary fission | form of asexual reproduction in bacteria |
| chromosome | structure consisting of DNA and proteins coiled together |
| chromatids | two exact copies of DNA that make up the chromosome |
| centromere | place on the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached |
| gametes | an organisms reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs |
| homologous chromosomes | similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| diploid | a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | a cell that contains one set of chromosomes |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| autosomes | chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism |
| sex chromosomes | in normal humans, XX and XY |
| karyotype | photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell arranged by size, banding pattern, and centromere position |
| cell cycle | repeating sequence of growth and division in an organism |
| interphase | longest part of cell cycle, includes G1, S, G2 |
| mitosis | nucleus is divided into two nuclei |
| cytokinesis | process during cell division when the cytoplasm divides |
| S phase | DNA is copied |
| cancer | uncontrolled growth of cells |
| G1 checkpoint | stops cell division before S phase if the cell is not ready |
| G2 checkpoint | division is stopped by DNA repair enzymes before mitosis |
| mitosis checkpoint | triggers exit from mitosis and start of G1 |
| proto-oncogenes | go genes |
| tumor suppressor genes | stop genes |
| oncogenes | go fast genes |
