| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | oxygen contaning |
| anaerobic | Oxygen lacking |
| cellular respiration | Aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells |
| Redox reaction | the movement of electrons from one molecule to another is an oxidations reduction reaction |
| oxidation | loss of electrons from one substance |
| reduction | addition of electrons of electrons and reduced when it gains one or more electrons |
| dehydrogenase | is an enzyme |
| NAD+ | organic molecule that cells make from a vitamin and use to shuttle electrons redox reactions |
| electron carrier | delivering its electron load |
| electron transport chains | a seris of electron carriers do exist in cells |
| chemiosmosis | cells use the potential energy in concentration gradients to make ATP. |
| ATP synthases | synthesize ATP using energy stored in concentration gradients H+ ions across membranes. |
| Substrate- level phosphorylation | an enzyme transfer a phosphate group from an organic substrate molecule to ADP |
| Glycolysis | occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid of the cell. begins respiration by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid |
| Krebs cycle | takes place w/in the mitochondria, completes the breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide |
| intermediates | The compouds that form between the intial reactant, glucose, and the final product, pyruvic acid |
| alcoholic fermentation | the production of ethanol from glucose and it is catalyzed by specific microbial enzymes |
| latic acid fermentation | used by many kinds of cells. Latic acid, is produced when NADH from glycolysis is oxidized |
| Strict anerobes | many bacteria that live in stagnant ponds and deep in soil |
| Facultative aerobe | can make ATP either by fermentation or by chemiosmosis |
