| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | oxygen-containing |
| anaerobic | oxygen-lacking |
| cellular respiration | the aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules |
| dehydrogenase | an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction during whuch one or more hydrogen atoms are removed from a molecule |
| oxidation | the loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| reduction | the gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redix reaction |
| electron carrier | a molecule that that conveys electrons |
| electron transport chains | a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy to make ATP |
| chemiosmosis | the production of ATP using the enrgy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP |
| substrate-level phosphorylation | the formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule |
| glycolsis | the multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glycose into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| krebs cycle | the metobolic cycle that is fueled by acetyl CoA formed after glycosis in in cellular espiration |
| intermediates | one of the compounds that from between the initial reactant in a metobolic pathway |
| alcohol fermenation | the production of ethanol from glucose |
| lactic acid fermenation | a type of fermenation by many kind of cells |
| strict anaerobes | bacteria that live in stagnant ponds and deep in the soil |
| faculative anaerobe | an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present |
