| A | B |
|---|
| anxiety | unpleasant emotional response; subjective response to stress |
| stress | external pressure or stimulus brought to bear on an individual |
| fear | cognitive response to stress |
| anxiety disorders | most common psych illness; more common in women; 15-25% population |
| panic disorder | discrete period of impending doom; most severe form of anxiety; usually accompanies by 4 symptoms |
| physical symptoms of panic | palpiations, pounding heart, sweating, tacchycardia, shortness of breath, chest pain, abd. pain, dizzy, lightheadedness, chills, hot flashes |
| avg. onset for panic | late teens, early childhood |
| cognitive / behavioral symptoms of panic | feeling of derealization, unattaches, depersonalization, fear of going crazy, fear of dying |
| panic with agorophobia | fear of being in places where escape may be difficult or embarrasing |
| generalized anxiety disorder | chronic worry about life circumstances >6 mos. most day |
| symptoms of GAD | sleep disturbances, mind going blank, restlessness, on edge, irritability, muscle tension, easily fatigued |
| psychodynamic theory for GAD | cnoflict between ID and SuperIgo and culturally determined restrictions; ego not strong enough to resolve conflict |
| cognitive theory for GAD | faulty, distorted precede maladaptive behaviors; maintained by dysfunctional appraisal of situation |
| biological aspects for GAD/panic | genetic, |
| genetic aspects for GAD | 30% identical twins, 10-20% close relatives |
| neuroanatomical aspects for GAD | temporal lobe involvement |
| biochemical aspect for GAD | abd. levels of lactate |
| neurochemical aspect for GAD | norepinephrine |
| medical conditions associated with GAD | abnl. endocrine problems, acute MI, substance abuse, caffeine intox., complex partial seizures |
| behavior view for GAD | Dollard/Miller: learned response to innate drive to avoid paid; anxeiety results from 2 competing drives/goals |
| interpersonal view for GAD | Sullivan: fear of disapproval from mother figure |
| transactional model of stress adapation | most likely caused by mult. factors |
| phobias | persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by exposure to certain things |
| phobias seen in who & when | may begin anytime, more common in women; those beginning in childhood often disappears without tx |
| social phobia | fear of one or more social/performance sitautions in which person exposed to possible scrutiny |
| psychoanalytical theroy for phobia | repressed fear of hostility from parent displaced onto something safer; unconscious fears expressed in symbolic mannger |
| cognitive theory for phobia | faulty cognitions or negatiave self talk or irrational beliefs |
| learning theory for phobia | stress stimulus produces fear response, then eventually response to harmless object, or acquired by imitiaton |
| obsessions | unwanted thoughts, impulses, images or ideas causing anxiety |
| compuslisons | unwanted behaviors that reduce anxiety; cannot be resisted easily |
| Psychoanalytical theory for OCD | weak underdeveloped ego |
| Learning theory for OCD | conditioned response to dramatic event |
| Passive avoidance | staying away from source of anxiety |
| active avoidance | engage in behaviors that alleviate discomfort associated with a traumatic event |
| neuroanatomy of OCD | abnormalities in basal ganglia & frontal cortex |
| physiology of OCD | electrophysiologal studies link OCD to depressive disorders |
| biochem OCD | serotonin may be influential |
| PTSD | delayed by 6 mos. of characteristic symptoms after exposure to very bad shit |
| PTSD symptoms | intrusive thoughts, nightmares, numbing of emotions, hypervigilance |
| psychosocial theory for PTSD | severity & duration of stressor, exposure to death, extent of control over recurrence |
| learning theory for PTSD | neg. reinforcement (behavior that deccreases emotional pain of trauma), behavioral disturbances reinforced by capacity to reduce objectionable feelings |
| cognitive theory for PTSD | people vulnerable to PTSD when fundamental beliefs that cannot be comprehended; sense of helplessness/hoplessness prevails |
| biol aspects for PTSD | more likely to have PTSD if previous trauma experienced; endogenous opioid peptide response may assist in maintenance of PTSD |
| strongly advocated tx for PTSD | group therapy |
| person associated with systematic densitivation | Wolpe |
| implosion therapy | imagining stressful situatons or being in stressful situations |
| cognitive restructuring | examine neg. involuntary thoughts and replace with more positive thoughts |
| thought stopping | with rubberband, pull ear or shout stop |
| thought substitution | replace fear inducing self talk with positive so that that positive take over the world |
| reframing/relabeling | change the viewpoint of a situation so that the experience changes |
| education therapy | reduced stimulants, new coping/problem solving, identify problems through journeling |
| benzos (valium, ativan) | minor tranquilizers |
| withdrawal sx for benzos | irritability, fatigue, irritability, insomnia, sweating |
| lethal overdose | alcohol & benzos |
| used for benzo OD | flumazenil |
| Buspar, inderal and Benadryl | non addictive meds for anxiety |
| tricyclics, SSRI's | antidepressants used for gad |
| clonidine | useful for anxiety |
| Xanax & Klonopin or beta blockers | for social anxiety / stage fright |
| paxil, prozac, zoloft, luvox, anafranil | tx for OCD |
| carbamazepine, lithium (for flashbacks, nightmares, violence) valproic acid | for PTSD |
