| A | B |
|---|
| addiction | dependence or need for substance, need, or condition |
| substance abuse | recurrent substance use leads to social/interpersonal problems, etc. |
| substance dependence tolerance | need for more of a drug; has withdrawal symptoms; less effect with same amt. |
| substance dpendence | intense craving, unscussefful attempts to cut down, lots of time spent getting & doing the drug |
| substance intoxication | developmetn of reversible substance ; symptoms not due to other conditions |
| substance withrawal | devel. of substance specific syndrome, occurs within 4-12 hours of quitting |
| biol predisposing factors for addictons | parent with addiction variation of DRD2 gene, biochemical: brain may produce endorphins in response to addiction |
| developmental influences on addiction | punitive superego; stuck in oral stage of development |
| personality factors of addictions | inability to relax or defer gratificaiton, inability to communicate effectively |
| social factors for addiction | children & adolesents more likely to use if parents do; also peer group |
| conditioning | pleasurable efffects from the substance may lead to increased use |
| culture & ethnic influences | some cultures use more drugs, i.e. indiginous tribes |
| patterns of use & alcohol use | 50% of Americans above 12 report current alcohol use |
| percent of drinkers who binge | 25% |
| most widely used drug in US | alcohol 1 |
| 3rd leading cause of preventable deaths | alcohol 2 |
| leading cause of mental retardation | FAS |
| 4 phases of alcoholism | Jellinek model of alcohol addition |
| phase 1 Jellinek | pre-alcoholic; use of alcohol to relieve every stressses 1-2 years |
| phase 2 Jelliniik | Early alcoholics; begins with blackouts; alcohol is required takes 6 mos to 5 yrs. |
| phase 3 Jellinik | crucial; concern over drinking expressed by others; dependence physical & psychological |
| phase 4 Jellinik | chronic; drinks to blackout, passout, emotional disintegration; intoxicated more often than being sober |
| alcohol withdrawal sx | tremor, headache, sweating, tchycardia, inc. BP, irritability, delterium tremons (2nd or 3rd day), seziures |
| peripheral neuropathy | pain, burning, tingling or prickling sensation of extremities |
| alcoholic myopathy | results from same b vitamin deficiency that causes PN |
| acute alcohlic myopathy | sudden onset of muscle pain, reddish tinge to urine, rapid enzymes in blood |
| chronic alcohlic myopathy | chronic muscle wasting or weakness |
| Wernickes encephalopathy | serious thyiamine deficiency, diplopia, ataxia, somnolence, stupor |
| Korsakoff's psychosis | confsuon, loss of recent memory, confabulation in pts receovering from Wernicke's |
| tx for Wernickes & Korsakoff | oral &/or IV thiamine |
| hepatic encephalopathy | continued rise in serum amonia levels leads to death |
