| A | B |
|---|
| Macroevolution | Changes in a gene pool that cause evolution of entirely new species |
| Microevolution | Changes in a gene pool that do not necessarily involve the development of new species |
| Fossil Record | Provies evidence that organisms have evolved over 4.6 billion years from prokaryotes to multicelled organisms or every variety |
| Comparative Anatomy | Provides evidence for evolution; homologous structures, homoplastic structures, vestigial structures |
| Comparative Embryology | Provides evidence for evolution; related organisms go through similar stages in their embryonic development |
| Molecular Biology | Provides evidence for evolution; a comparison of the amino acid sequence of cytochrome, a protein present in the electron transport chain of all aerobic organisms, shows how these organisms are related |
| Biogeography | Provides evidence for evolution; theory of continental drift states that about 200 million years ago, there was one continent which slowly separated into 7 continents |
| Homologous Structure | Demonstrates common origin and ancestry |
| Homoplastic Structure | Do not provide evidence of common ancestry |
| Lamarck's Theory | "Inheritance of acquired characteristics", "Use and disuse" |
| Darwin | Naturalist who traveled on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands, Origin of Species |
| Natural Selection | Overpopulation results in competition and struggle for survival; Giraffes with long and short necks |
| Mutation | Any change in genetic material |
| Diploidy | The normal condtition of sexually reproducing organisms |
| Hardy-Weinberg | p^2+2pq+q^2=1 |
| Polyploidy | Having more than two complete sets of chromosomes |
| Habitat Isolation | Two organisms of the same species that live in the same area but encounter each other rarely |
| Behavioral Isolation | No mating occurs and genes cannot be exchanged |
| Temporal Isolation | Isolated by time of maturation and genes cannot be exchanged |
| Reproductive Isolation | Prezygotic/Postzygotic Barrier |
| Miller and Urey | Two of the scientists trying to determine how organic molecules arose on ancient Earth |
| Endosymbiosis Theory | Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and possibly nuclei were once free-living prokaryotes that took up residence inside larger prokaryotic cells; this mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship became permanent |
