| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | oxygen containing enviroments |
| anaerobic | oxygen lacking enviroments |
| cellular respiration | the aerobic harvesting of food molecules by cells |
| redox reaction | the movement of of electrons from one molecule to another |
| oxidation | loss of electrons from one substance |
| reduction | adding of electrons to another substance |
| dehydrogenase and NAD+ | an enzyme and a co-enzyme that cells make from a vitamin and use to shuttle the electrons in redox reactions |
| electron carrier | carries the electron |
| electron transport chains | series of electron carriers |
| chemiosmosis | a concentration gradient of a solute stores energy resulting from the tendacy of the solute molecules to diffuse from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated |
| ATP synthases | synthesize ATP using energy stored in concentration gradients of H+ ions across membranes |
| Substrate level phosphorylation | an enzymes tranfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate molecule to ADP |
| glycolysis | begins respiration by breaking glucose into molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid |
| krebs cycle | completes the breakdown of glucose |
| acetyl CoA | high-energy fuel molecule for the Krebs cycle |
| alcoholic fermentation | the production of ethanol from glucose |
| lactic acid fermentation | lactic acid is produced when NADH from glucose is oxydoized |
| strict anaerobes | bacteria that live in stagnant ponds and deep soil |
| facultative anaerobe | can make ATP either by fermentation or chemiosmosis |
