| A | B |
|---|
| Simon Bolivar | revolutionary leader who became known as the Liberator for his role in the Latin America wars of independence. He came from a wealthy family in Venezuela and lead an army from Venesuela over the Andes Mountains where he defeated the Spanish forces in 1819. He became president of the independent Republic of Great Colombia. |
| Jose de San Martin | Led Argentina to freedom in 1816 and helped people of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador win independence. |
| "Black Seminoles" | African Americans who fled from plantations in Georgia and South Carolina. THey were allowed to stay with Seminole Indians. |
| John Quincy Adams | Secretary of state who worked out peace talks with Spain. |
| Adams Onis Treaty | Spain agreed to give Florida to United States in exchange for 5 million. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Monroe declared that the United States would not interfear in the affairs of European nations or colonies. It also warned the same for the United States. The United States would oppose any attempt to build new colonies in America. |
| creole | people born in Latin America to Spanish parents |
| intervention | direct involement |
| James Monroe | Was elected as Republican president in 1816 against Federalist Rufus King. From Virginia and in 1817 made a goodwill tour of the country. Ran for a second time as president and the Federalist party disappeared. |
| Daniel Webster | Was a skillful public speaker who was opposed to the war of 1812. He wanted a strong federal government. US lawyer and politician who was born in Salisbury New Hampshire. Died October 24, 1852. Promoted nationalism. Spoke for the North when America was separated. |
| John C. Calhoun | Spoke for the South. He grew up on a farm in South Carolina and went to Yale College in Connecticut. Had an intense way of speaking that made people uncomfortable. Supported the war of 1812 and believed in strong state governments. Secretary of state, congressman, lawyer, had a big ego, strong believer in slaves, supported nullification, died on March 3, 1850. |
| Henry Clay | Spoke for the West, born in Virginia on April 12, 1777 and was a leader of the Warhawks. He created the American System and was later named the Great Compromiser. He was a promoter of the Missouri Compromise and ran for president 3 times without ever winning. He became Senator in 1831 and died June 29, 1852 in Washington. |
| American System | to promote economic growth for all sections, called for high tariffs on imports and the North had to buy products from the South and West. |
| McColloch vs. Maryland | Court ruled states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders. Strengthened federal power and allowed National Bank to continue. |
| Gibbon vs. Ogden | In 1824, the court stopped a law in NY that tried to comtrol steamboat travel between NY and NJ. Only federal power had the right to do that. |
| Dumping | selling goods in another country at very low prices |
| sectionalism | loyalty to ones state or section rather than to the whole nation. |
| interstate commerse | trade between different states |
| turnpike | toll roads where a pole or pike blocked the road until a wagon driver paid the toll |
| corduroy road | roads made of logs because the lines of logs looked like corduroy cloth. |
| canal | artificial channel filled with water that allows boats to cross a stretch of land. |
| Lancaster Turnpike | Built in the 1790's by a private company, it linked Philadelphia and Lancaster PN. Water drained off quickley because the road was set on a bed of gravel. Topped with smooth, flat, stones. |
| National Road | 1806, Congress approved funds for a ntional roadbuilding project. Ran from Cumberland MD to Wheeling VA. |
| John Fitch | Improved on steam engines that had been built in Britain. He showed how a steam engine could power a boat. |
| Robert Fulton | Inventor who launched his own steamboat, the Clermont, on the Hudson. |
| Henry Shreve | Designed a flat bottomed steamboat that could carry heavy loads without getting stuck on sandbars. |
| Clermont | Robert Fulton's steamboat on Hudson, carried passengers for NY City to Albany and back (300 miles) in 62 hours. |
| Industrial Revolution | Hand tools changed into machinery and there was a change in the way goods were produced. Early 1800's, steam power replaced human and animal pwer and the economy gradually shifted towards manufacturing. |
| Samuel Slater | Memorized the designs in Arkwrights mill in Brittain. Skilled mechanic who worked at Arkwrights Mill in 1789. |
| Moses Brown | a Quaker merchant who wanted to build a spinning mill in Rhode Island. |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | Boston merchant who had the idea of spinning and weaving in the same building. |
| Boston Associates | Lowell and several partners in 1813 built a textile factory in Waltham MA where raw cotton was turned into finished cotton. |
| "Lowell Girls" | young women who were hired to work in the new mills, boarded and had church, 12 hrs/6 days |
| Eli Whitney | inventor who wanted machine made gun parts to be interchangeable and identicle. |
| Spinning Jenny | machine developed in the 1760's that could spin several threads at once. |
| Factory System | method of producing goods that brought workers and machinery together in one place. |
| capitalist | person who invests in a business to make a profit. |
| interchangeable parts | identical, machine made parts for a tool or instrument. |
| Urbanization | movement of population from farms to cities |
