| A | B |
|---|
| Plants | Evolved from protista, cell walls made of cellulose |
| Bryophytes | Grow close to ground because they lack vascular tissue and lack lignin-fortified tissue that enables plants on land to grow tall |
| Tracheophytes | Plants having transport vessels, xylem, and phloem |
| Gymnosperms | Seeded cone-bearing plants, have many modifcations for dry environment |
| Angiosperms | Flowering plants, seed is hidden inside ovary, most diverse on Earth |
| Aquaporin | Membrane channels specific for passive, rapid transport of water into or out of a cell |
| Transpiration | Loss of water through the stomates of the leaf |
| Xylem | Carries water and minerals from soil to shoots and leaves |
| Phloem | Carries sugar from the leaves to the roots |
| Gametangia | Reproductive organ of bryophytes |
| Archegonium | Female gametangia, produces eggs |
| Antheridium | Male gametangia, produces sperm |
| Protenema | In bryophytes, a threadlike, monoploid structure that develops from haploid spores after they germinate |
| Gametophyte generation | The n or monoploid generation |
| Sporophyte generation | The 2n or diploid generation |
| Mychorrizae | Mutualism relationship between fungi and roots of almost all vascular plants |
| Rhizobium | Mutualistic relationship between bacteria and roots of legumes |
| Plant hormones | Help coordinate growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli |
| Auxin | Stimulates cell elongation, root growth, development of fruit |
| Cytokinin | Synthesized in actively growing tissue, stimulates cell division and growth |
| Gibberellin | Stimulates stems and leaves to grow long |
| Ethylene | Responsible for fruit ripening |
