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Cause-Effect: World War II, 1941-1945

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The Japanese attack on Pearl HarborMobilized the American people to support the war effort like no other event could
World War II's impact on the role of the federal governmentGovernment spending, the debt, and government power increases more than any other previous period in history
Large industrial infrastructure and a territory not bombed out or ravaged by warIndustrial production shoots through the roof as the U.S. outproduces its enemies combined
World War II invigorates the economyUnemployment is virtually zero and the Great Depression ends
World War II's impact on womenIncreasing number of women in factory jobs ("Rosie the Riveter") and women in the military (WAACs and WAVEs)
The incredibly complex Navajo languageNavajo is used to transmit secret messages on the radio and the Axis is unable to decode
Fears Japanese-Americans, regardless if they were born in the U.S. or not, would be loyal to the motherlandThe internment of some 117,000 Japanese-Americans in the interior of the U.S.
Minorities support for the war and hopes it would bring improved changes for them at homeThe "Double Victory" Campaign
A. Philip Randolph's threatened march on Washington D.C.Executive Order 8302 desegregates the defense plants
The mechanical cotton picker and wartime labor demandDrew millions of African-Americans from the rural South to the urban North
Conservative Democrats’ hostility to liberal Vice President Henry WallaceResulted in Senator Harry Truman becoming FDR’s fourth-term running mate in 1944
Cultural and ideological differences between the USSR and the Western Allies (U.S. and Britain)Posed significant obstacles for the Allies to overcome in order to wage an organized and collaborative war effort against Japan
The USSR bears the brunt of the war and Stalin's belief the U.S. and British were dragging their feet invading FranceStalin's persistent calls to open a second front and the most divisive point between the USSR and western Allies
The obvious belief that Germany posed a greater threat than JapanThe ABC-1 Agreement
The lessons of not decisively conquering Germany during World War IThe Casablanca Conference's vow to accept only unconditional surrender from the Axis
Britain's experiences during World War II and beating they took at the hands of Germany at the beginning of World War IIA cautious, peripheral approach advocated by Britain and a reluctance to open a second front in France
U.S./British offensives in North America, Italy, and strategic bombingDid not satisfy the Soviet demands to open a second front and did relatively little to defeat Germany
Germany's war effort against the Soviet UnionTied up the majority of the German military and was bogged down in a bitter war of attrition over a vast area
The German defeat at the Battle of StalingradThe turning point of World War II in Europe as the entire German Sixth Army was destroyed
The Allied invasion of NormandyOpened the long-awaited second front and it was only a matter of time until Germany was defeated as the U.S. close din from the west and the Soviets from the east
FDR's insistence to end the war as soon as possible to end the HolocaustThe U.S. did not take heroic efforts to disrupt the Holocaust such as bombing the rail lines leading into the camps
The Battle of MidwayThe turning point of thee Pacific War as the Japanese lost four irreplaceable aircraft carriers
Japanese control of islands scattered across the PacificDevelopment of an island hopping strategy to conquer strategic islands while by-passing insignificant locations
The Japanese cultural aversion to surrenderJapanese soldiers fighting to the death on islands against all odds and suicidal resistance (ex: Kamikazes)
Albert Einstein's fear the Germans would build an atomic bomb firstLetter to FDR that will be the basis for the Manhattan Project
The collaboration between science, research, government, and the military on the Manhattan ProjectThe largest government program up to that point in history and the U.S. won the race to build the atomic bomb
Truman's knowledge of the successful atomic bomb test at Alamogordo during the Potsdam ConferenceThe U.S. could issue the ultimatum to Japan to "surrender or else"
Fears of a bloody invasion of Japan, a calculation of Japanese will to resist, and the need to intimidate the SovietsFactored into Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan
The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and NagasakiEmperor Hirohito realized the futility of resistance and urged the Japanese people to "endure the unendurable of defeat"
The defeat of Germany and the end of World War IIThe common enemy that bonded the U.S. and USSR no longer existed and the Cold War was on


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