| A | B |
|---|
| What are the characteristics of kingdom plantae? | Carry out photosynthesis; produce cellulose in their cell walls; non-motile (don't move around); reproduce sexually and asexually; have specialized tissues and organs |
| What are the four major requirements for a plant to survive (especially for life on land) | Light energy; water; carbon dioxide; oxygen |
| What organism is thought that plants evolved from? | Plant-like protists/green algae |
| What were the first types of plants? | Mosses |
| Now, what is the majority of the plant kingdom is which type of plant? | Angiosperms |
| Bryophytes | ex: mosses, liverworts; osmosis; spores; no flowers and fruit |
| Pterophyta | ex:ferns; vascular; spores; no flowers and fruite |
| Gymnosperms | Conifers/pinetrees; vascular; seeds; no flowers and fruit |
| Angiosperms | Flowering plants; vascular; seeds; contains fruit |
| Roots | Anchor lants to the ground, absorb water and minerals from the soil, protect the plants from bad bacteria and fungi, and transsport materials to the stem |
| Stems | Transpiration-as water evaporates, the energy release pulls water up the stem |
| Leaves | Permit exchange of CO2, O2, and H2O with the environment and site of photosynthesis |
| Where do photosynthesis take place? | Leaves |
| What is the function of vascular tissues? Why did they evolve? | Transport sugar and water; to live on land |
| What does the alternation of generations mean? | There are asexual and sexual parts |
| What is the function of a flower for a plant? | To reproduce |
| What is coevolution? | When plants and animals evolve together |
| How are seeds dispersed? | Wind, water, caught in animals fur, eaten |
| Why did many plant species die out in Earth's history? | The environment changed |
| What is phototropism? | Light |
| What is gravitropism? | Gravity |
| What is thigmotropism? | Touch |
| What is nastic movement? | Do not involve growth, so are reversible |
| Where would you find the most chloroplasts in a leaf? On top or bottom? | Top |
| What is the function of the stomata and guard cells? Where would you find them? | To let out water and gases; find on the bottom of the leaf |
| What is a hormone? | Affects change |
| What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia | Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic |
| What is a coaleom? | Filled with organs; fluid filled cavity that supports internal organs |
| What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton? | Exoskeleton=hard waxy covering on the exterior of the body. Prevent water loss, protect soft tissues; endoskeleton=internal skeleton for support made of calcium carbonate/cartilage or bone; protect internal organs and an internal brace for muscles |
| What is the difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate? | Invertebrate=an animal without a backbone; usually has exoskeleton; Vertebrates=have a backbone; bilaterally symmetrical; endoskeleton |
| What is the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm? | Ecto=regulated by the environment, ex: fish,frogs, and snakes, better adapted to the cooler climate; Endo=regulated by own body, ex: mammals and humans |
| What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton? | Axial = Includes the skll, vertebral column, and rib cage. Protects internal organs!; Appendicular =Includes the arm, leg bones, pelvis and shoulder. Allows for locomotion! |
| What are the four types of joints? How do they move? | 1.Ball and socket=allows wide range of motion (shoulder, hip); 2. Hinge=back and forth motion (elbow, knee); 3. Pivot=bones rotate around one another (base of skull); saddle/gliding=bones slide over one another |
| What is cephalization? Why is it importanat? | Means sensory organs and well developed brain located in a skull; posess a closed circulatory system with a multichambered heart |
| What is a pheromone? | A chemical that triggers a natural behavioral response in another member of the same species |
| What is a stimulus? | Any kind of signal that carries information that can be detected |
| What is a response? | A reaction to a stimulus |
