| A | B |
|---|
| Kinetic energy | Energy of motion |
| Potential energy | Capacity to do work owing to position or state |
| Chemical energy | Potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
| First law of thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transferred or converted to one form or another |
| Second law of thermodynamics | When energy is converted from one form to another, some usable energy is converted into heat that disperses into the surroundings |
| Heat | Kinetic energy of randomly moving particles |
| Entropy | A measure of disorder, or randomness |
| Catabolism | Includes pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones |
| Enthalpy | Total potential energy |
| Free energy | amount of energy available to do work under conditions of biochemical reactions |
| Exergonic reaction | releases energy |
| Endergonic reaction | reaction in which there is a gain of free energy |
| Oxidation | Chemical process in which a substances loses electrons |
| Reduction | Process in which a substance gains electrons |
| Redox reactions | Oxidation and reduction as they occur simultaneously |
| Enzymes | Biological catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Activation energy | energy required to break the existing bonds and being the reaction |
| Substrate | Substance on which an enzyme acts |
| Active sites | Regions to which the substrate binds |
| Reversible inhibition | Occurs when an inhibitor forms weak chemical bonds with the enzyme |
| Competitive inhibition | inhibitor competes with the normal substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme |
| Allosteric site | Receptor site on an enzyme molecule other than the active site |
| Noncompetitive inhibition | Inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site |
| Irreversible inhibition | Inhibitor permanently inactivates or destroys an enzyme when it combines with one of its functional groups |
