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| Adler & Sullivan | Designed Auditorium Building in Chicago and Guaranty Building, which is now called the Prudential Building, in New York. |
| Albert Memorial | Designed by G.G. Scott; commission on behalf of Queen Victoria in memory of her beloved husband, Prince Albert. |
| American Revolution | the war between Great Britain and its American colonies, 1775-83, by which the colonies won their independence. |
| Antonio Gaudi | Spanish architect who was a leading exponent of Art Nouveau in Europe (1852-1926). |
| Art Deco Style | Opulent, lavish architectural style. |
| Art Nouveau | the design and architectural counterpart to the Arts and Crafts movement; used twining plant forms and merged all art forms to create art that could be mass-produced. |
| Arts & Crafts Movement | Craftsman Style; Inspired by the writings of John Ruskin and a romantic idealization of a craftsperson taking pride in their personal handiwork, it was at its height between approximately 1880 and 1910. |
| Balloon framing | A type of wood framing in which the studs extend from sill to eaves without interuption. |
| Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann | French civic planner whose name is associated with the rebuilding of Paris. |
| Bauhaus | a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918. |
| Benjamin Latrobe | British-born American architect best known for his design of the United States Capitol, as well as his design of the Baltimore Basilica, the first Catholic Cathedral built in the United States. |
| Beton Brut | Concrete left unfinished or roughly-finished after pouring and left exposed visually. The imprint of the wood or plywood forms used for pouring is usually present on the final surface. |
| Catholic Emancipation | Full political rights granted to Roman Catholics in Britain in 1829. |
| Central Park | Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1858, New York's Central Park was the first example of a movement to create urban parks. |
| Charles Bullfinch | Early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession. |
| Charles Garnier | Designed the Operal with Chagall ceilings and impressive ornate decoration on the exterior. |
| Charles Rennie Mackintosh | was a Scottish architect, designer, and watercolourist. He was a designer in the Arts and Crafts movement and also the main exponent of Art Nouveau in the United Kingdom. He had a considerable influence on European design. |
| Colonial Revival Style | Features elaborate front doors, windows usually hung in adjacent pairs or triple combinations, side porches or sunrooms. |
| Commission des Monuments Historiques | First organization in France officially to acknowledge an interest in medieval architecture. Founded to protect and preserve and restore France's architectural heritage. |
| Craftsman Style/Bungalow | Arts & Crafts; Between Art Nuoveau & Art Deco. |
| Curtain Wall | a non-load bearing wall, the roof and floors being carried by the framework of the structure. |
| Daniel Burnham | designed Flatiron Building. Transformed mucky swamp area into 'White City' for Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Expidition. |
| Daniel Libeskind | Contemporary American designer of Polish-Jewish descent. |
| DeStijl | 1920. Style of art promoting the use of geometric shapes and basic colors and based on the idea of universal harmony. Mondrian and van Doesburg are the main artists. |
| E. E. Viollet-le-Duc | French architect and theorist, famous for his 'restorations' of medieval buildings. First theorist in modern architecture. |
| Ecclesiological Society | Learned architectural society founded in 1839 by undergraduates at Cambridge University to promote 'the study of Gothic Architecture, and of Ecclesiastical Antiques'. |
| Ecole des Beaux-Arts | Refers to a number of influential art schools in France, trained many of the great European artists; Beaux Arts style was modeled on classical 'antiquities', preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations. |
| Edwin Lutyens | Leading 20th century British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses. |
| Enlightenment | Movement in the 1700s that claimed science, reason, and knowledge would better society. |
| Federal Style/Adamesque | greek columns, portico, windows with pediments, FANLIGHT above main entrance. |
| ferroconcrete | concrete with metal and/or mesh added to provide extra support against stresses. |
| Fonthill Abbey | One of the most remarkable houses ever built in Britain; Gothic Revival style; The most fashionable architect of the day, James Wyatt (1746-1813), was commissioned by Beckford to design his new house. |
| Frank Gehry | Architect who designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain. |
| Frederick Law Olmstead | Landscape architect who drew the plan for Greensward, more recently known as Central Park. |
| French Revolution | the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. |
| G. G. Scott | English architect of the Victorian Age, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches, cathedrals and workhouses. Designed Albert Memorial. |
| Giambattista Piranesi | (4 October 1720 - 9 November 1778) was an Italian artist famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric 'prisons'. |
| Glasgow School of Art | Mackintosh, Scotland, 1890. |
| Glass House | 1949; Connecticut; Philip Johnson's residence; walls made entirely of glass. |
| Gothic Revival | Architectural movement which began in the 1740s in England. |
| Gran Prix/French Academy of Rome | Located in the Villa Medici in Rome; Gran Prix was annual competition of art works inspired by Rome, allowed admission into the Academy (Architecture competition ended in 1967). |
| Grand Tour | traditional travel of Europe; primary value was believe to lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance; ex. Piranesi's prints of Roman views, epitomized in Thomas Cole's The Architect's Dream. |
| Greene & Greene | Brothers Charles Sumner Greene (1868-1957) and Henry Mather Greene (1870-1954), who established the architectural firm of Greene and Greene, were influential American architects. Known for their Bungalows. |
| Herculaneum | Ruins of an ancient Roman town destroyed by Mt Vesuvius eruption in 79 AD; Lost at same time as Pompeii. |
| High Victorian Gothic | Gothic revival in Europe. |
| Historicism | belief that all phenomena are historically determined. |
| I.M. Pei | Pritzker Prize-winning Chinese-born American architect, known as the last master of high modernist architecture. |
| In Welchem Stil Sollen Wir Bauen? | 'In What Style Shall We Build?', written by Gottlieb Heinrich Christian Hübsch, Accomplished German practitioner of the Rundbogenstil. |
| Industrial Revolution | Spread of wealth and products being made; Development of buildings and unique types of buildings. |
| International Style | a term coined to refer to a modern style of architecture developed in the first quarter of the twentieth century. |
| Italianate Style | Brackets and eaves. Bay windows. Quoins. Cupola. No sidelights. |
| James Renwick | American architect; Designed St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. |
| James Wyatt | English architect (1746-1813); built the Fonthill Abbey. |
| Johann Joachim Winckelmann | German art historian and archaeologist; first articulated the difference between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. |
| John Ruskin | 'The Stones of Venice'; British art critic, poet and writer who criticized industrialized cities and their pollution. believed that people no longer appreciated the environments spiritual or aesthetic benefits. |
| John Soane | English architect who specialised in the Neo-Classical style; Designed Bank of England. |
| Josef Hoffman | Austrian architect; Designed Stoclet Palace in Brussels. Started Wiener Werkstatte community. |
| Kedleston Hall | English country house in Kedleston, Derbyshire, and is the seat of the Curzon family. |
| LeCorbusier | A prime user of functionalism with architecture. Said that a house is a machine for living in. |
| London's Great Exhibition | 1851; international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, England, from 1 May to 15 October 1851. It was the first in a series of World's Fair exhibitions of culture and industry that were to become a popular 19th-century feature. |
| Maison Carree | Temple in Nimes, France; Built in 16 BC; Became a museum in 1823. |
| McKim | Mead & White |
| Napoleon I | (Bonaparte Dynasty, First Empire) Ruled 1804 to 1814. |
| Napoleon II | (Bonaparte Dynasty, First Empire Restored) Ruled June 22nd to July 7th, 1815. |
| Neo Classical Style | produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. |
| Neo-Palladianism | Neo-Palladianism is the term used to describe the style of architecture developed in Britain in the early eighteenth century, led by Lord Burlington and his circle of architects. On the whole, it drew on Palladio's villas and palaces, rather than his church architecture. It also consciously sought to revive the work of Inigo Jones and his contemporaries. |
| Oak Park Studio | Frank Lloyd Wright's home. |
| Otto Wagner | Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918). |
| P.F. Henri Labrouste | Designed Boston Public Library. |
| Pantheon | Building in Rome, built by Emperor Trajan as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt in the early 2nd century AD. |
| Paris Exposition | 1889; main symbol of the Fair was the Eiffel Tower, which was completed in 1889, and served as the entrance arch to the Fair. |
| Peter Behrens | German architect known for his simple utilitarian factory buildings (1868-1940). |
| Philip Johnson | American architect; Built 'Glass House'. |
| Picturesque | like a picture; pleasing or charming to look at. |
| Pierre L'Enfant | French-born American architect and civil engineer; Appointed by George Washington to design new capital city (Washington DC). |
| Prairie Style | credited to Frank Lloyd Wright, organic structures, that grow on site, integrated with landscape, horizontal lines, flat or hipped roof, windows grouped in horizontal bands. |
| Queen Anne Style | an architectural style in 1870s • popularized by Richard Norman •consisted largely of influences that harked back to 'Old English' or even Tudor style Characteristics,'•rich but simple ornament •variety of materials, including wood, terra cotta, stone, and pressed metal •expansive porches •pressed metal bays and turrets irregular roofline with many dormers and chimneys. |
| Richard Norman Shaw | British architect from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. |
| Richard Upjohn | United States architect (born in England) (1802-1878). |
| Richardsonian Romanesque | Style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston. |
| Robert Adam | 'Leading architect in England'; Scottish architect who designed and redesigned many buildings in England and Scotland (1728-1792) in the new neo-classical style. |
| Robert Mills | United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855). |
| Robert Venturi | United States architect (born in 1925); 'Less is a bore'. |
| Romanesque Revival Style | round arches, semi-circular arches on windows, and belt courses. Simpler than Romanesque style. |
| Romanticism | 19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason. |
| Rundbogenstil | nineteenth-century historic revival style of architecture, is a variety of Romanesque revival; Primarily used in train stations & synagogues. |
| Sagrada Familia Church | A massive, privately-funded Roman Catholic church that has been under construction in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain since 1882 and is not expected to be complete until at least 2026. |
| Skeletal structure | a structural system based on ribs, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and column bundles, so that loads are directed to point supports, instead of continuous surfaces. Skeletal systems make possible extensive dematerialization of the wall, and thereby afford large surfaces for stained glass windows. |
| Skidmore-Owings-Merrill | Chicago-based architectural and engineering firm, considered one of the largest firms in the world; experts in high-end commercial buildings. |
| Skyscraper | very tall building with many floors, elevators, and a steel frame. |
| Society of the Dilettanti | A society of noblemen and gentlemen which sponsored the study of ancient Greek art and the creation of new work in the style. It was founded as a London dining club in 1734. |
| Syon Hall | Designed by Robert Adam; It was based on a Roman Basilica, and Adam's aim was 'to create a palace of Graeco-Roman splendour'. Its purpose to this day, is to give welcome to the Duke's guests. Adam employed Joseph Rose to carry out the breath-taking decorative stucco work in the House and in this room; the cool pale tones are only broken by the black and white marble flooring which echoes the ceiling pattern. |
| Thomas Jefferson | In 1768 Thomas Jefferson started the construction of Monticello, a neoclassical mansion. |
| Town & Davis | First recognizable modern architecture office. |
| University of Virginia | one of the earliest state-supported universities, founded in 1819; founded by Thomas Jefferson, who designed its architecture and separated it from religion and politics; focused on modern languages and the sciences. |
| Vers une architecture | Published book compiled out of Esprit Nouveau essays. |
| Victor Horta | Belgian architect and leader in Art Nouveau architecture (1861-1947). |
| Virginia State Capitol | Designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1785-1789 in Richmond, Virginia, the state capitol building was the first use of classical architecture in American public buildings. Modeled after the Maison Carree in Nimes, France in 16 BC, the Virginia State Capitol was modeled to be a 'Temple to Democracy', which uses marks of classical architecture such as ionic columns (rather than the Corinthian columns found on the Maison Carree) and enlarged proportions, as well as larger windows. Jefferson's design of the capitol also included a temple-front façade. |
| Wiener Werkstatte | Production community of visual artists; Started by Josef Hoffman & Koloman Moser. |
| William Butterfield | English architect who designed many churches (1814-1900). |
| William LeBaron Jenney | Built worlds first skyscraper in 1884 (Home Insurance Co Building, a 10 story building in Chicago). |
| William Morris | Founder of the Arts and Crafts movement. This movement rejected mass production of products and sought to revitalize careful hand production of goods. |
| World's Columbian Exposition | 1893; World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World. |
