| A | B |
|---|
| Asymmetrical | not identical on both sides of a central line; unsymmetrical; lacking symmetry |
| Immiscible | describes liquids that are insoluble in one another; oil and water are immiscible |
| polar covalent bond | a covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally |
| barometer | instrument used to measure pressure |
| ionic bond | the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together |
| polar molecule | a molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive |
| bent molecular shape | molecule with 2 bonding electron pairs and 2 non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom; bond angle of 104.5° |
| ionic compound | a compound composed of positive and negative ions |
| polarity | the particular state either positive or negative with reference to the two poles or to electrification |
| bond angle | angle between bonds in a molecule |
| intermolecular bond | attractive forces that exist between molecules |
| pyramidal molecular shape | molecule with 3 bonding electron pairs and 1 non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom; bond angle of 107° |
| bonding electron pairs | electrons that are shared between atoms within a molecule |
| Lewis dot structure | Lewis structures (also known as electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. |
| single covalent bond | a bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons |
| central atom | atom located in the center of a molecule |
| line structure diagram | diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. |
| solubility | the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution |
| chemical bond | attraction that holds atoms together with a compound |
| linear molecular shape | molecular shape with a bond and of 180°. |
| solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| conductivity | ability of a substance to conduct heat/electricity |
| lone electron pair | non-bonding electron pair on an atom |
| symmetrical | the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point |
| covalent bond | a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| metallic bond | the force of attraction that holds metals together; it consists of the attraction of free-floating valence electrons for positively charged metal ions |
| symmetry | the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point |
| dipole | a molecule that has two poles, or regions with opposite charges |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0°C |
| terminal atoms(s) | atoms connected to the central atom in a molecule |
| double covalent bond | a bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| miscible | describes liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions |
| tetrahedral molecular shape | molecule with 4 bonding electron pairs and 0 non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom; bond angle of 109.5° |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle |
| nonbonding electron pair | electron pair not involved in a chemical bond |
| trigonal planar molecular shape | molecule with 3 bonding electron pairs and 0 non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom; bond angle of 120° |
| electronegativity | the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound |
| nonpolar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms |
| valence electrons | an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom |
| Electronegativity Table | periodic table with the electronegativity vaules listed on it |
| nonpolar molecule | molecule in which there is no partial charge; has symmetry, bond polarities cancel out, and there are no non-bonding electrons on the central atom |
| van der Waals forces | the two weakest intermolecular attractions—dispersion interactions and dipole forces |
| hydrogen bond | attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom |
| Octet Rule | atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons |
| VSEPR Theory | valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible |
