| A | B |
|---|
| Music in the middle ages | Outside the church, few in the Middle Ages read music, and except among the educated elites, secular music was seldom written down or written about= For most people, music was purely aural, and most of the secular and nonliturgical music they heard/sang/played has vanished= The MONOPHONIC SONGS are the things that survive |
| Byzantine Empire | Presered Greek and Roman science, architecture, and culture= Most writings that survived from ancient Greece exist because of Byzantine scribes |
| Arab Empire | Extended Greek philosophy and science, fostered trade and industry, and contributed to medicine, chemistry, technology, and mathematics |
| Charlemagne | (Continuation of Roman Empire) Promoted learning and artistic achievement= Improved education |
| Versus | (singular and plural) Type of Latin song= Normall sacred and sometimes attached to the liturgy= Poetry was rhymed and usually followed regular pattern of accents |
| Monophonic Versus | Were composed from 11thc. through the 13thc., particularly in Aquitaine in southwestern France, and they influenced 2 other repertories from the same region, TROUBADOUR SONGS and AQUITANIAN POLYPHONY |
| Conductus | (singular and plural) Related type to Versus = Originated in the 12thc. as a serious Latin song with a rhymed, rhythmical text, akin to a sequence but without the paired phrases |
| Conductus and Versus | Both were set to newly composed melodies not based on chant |
| Latin | Was no longer anyone's native tongue but was spoken and understood by educated people |
| Latin Songs | Composed for performance outside religious contexts, including settings of ancient poetry, laments for Charlemagne and other notables, and satirical, moralizing, or amorous songs= The music (if preserved at all) is often in staffless neumes that cant be transcribed unless the melody appears elsewhere in more precise notation |
| Goliard Songs | Another medieval type of Latin song from the late 10th-13th centuries= Associated with wandering students and clerics known as GOLIARDS= Topics vary from religious and moral themes to satire and celebrations of love, spring, eating, drinking, and other earthly pleasures= The poems show breadth of learning and address an educated audience |
