| A | B |
|---|
| replication | DNA is copied before the cell divides |
| RNA - ribonucleic acid | carries information |
| DNA | molecule that stores information |
| DNA bases | T - thymine, C - cytosine, A - adenine, G - guanine |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| transcription | transferring information from DNA to RNA |
| translation | passing of coded information |
| nucleotides | subunits which help form nucleic acids |
| mutation | a permanent change in DNA which leads to negative results |
| chromosome | the structure of teh cell that contains the genetic material |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same pattern |
| cell cycle | normal order of events in a cell's life, growth, development |
| Interphase | the phase the cell spends most of its life. It goes and gets ready to divide |
| Prophase | Chromosome doubles, condenses, becomes visible, nuclear membrane disappears, chromatid pairs |
| Metaphase | When double chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | Doubled chromosomes have seperated into single and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | Beginning to seperate into 2 cells, new nuclear membrane forms |
| Mitosis | DNA duplication - nucleus divides to form 2 identical nuclei chromosomes |
| chromosome | thread-like structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material |
| chromatid | half of a doubled chromosome |
| asexual reproduction | requires only 1 organism to reproduce |
| budding | asexual reproduction where the daughter cell grows out of the parent |
| regeneration | asexual repruction where new organisms grow out of pieces of old organisms |
| sexual reproduction | half of egg and half of sperm chromosomes join together to create a new organism |
| sperm | male reproductive cells |
| egg | female reproductive cells |
| meiosis | part of sexual reproduction where the number of chromosomes are cut in half to form a zygote |
| fertilization | the joining of an egg and a sperm cell to create a new organism |
| zygote | single cell that forms during fertilization |
| haploid | sex cells that have only half normal number of chromosomes that are formed in meiosis |
| diploid | cells that have the normal number of chromosomes |
