| A | B |
|---|
| ankylo | stiff joint |
| arthro | joint |
| articulo | joint |
| burso | sac |
| carpo | wrist |
| cervico | neck |
| chondro | cartilage |
| claviculo | clavicle |
| coccygo | coccyx |
| cortico | outer portion |
| costo | rib |
| cranio | skull |
| femoro | femur |
| fibulo | fibula |
| humero | humerus |
| ilio | ilium |
| ischio | ischium |
| kypho | hump |
| lamino | lamina |
| lordo | bent backwards |
| lumbo | loin |
| mandibulo | mandible |
| maxillo | maxilla |
| medullo | inner portion |
| metacarpo | metacarpals |
| metatarso | metatarsals |
| myelo | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| ortho | straight |
| osteo | bone |
| patello | patella |
| pedo | child, foot |
| pelvo | pelvis |
| phalango | phalanges |
| podo | food |
| pubo | pubis |
| radio | radius |
| sacro | sacrum |
| scapulo | scapula |
| scolio | crooked, bent |
| spondylo | vertebrae |
| sterno | sternum |
| synovio, synovo | synovial membrane |
| tarso | ankle |
| thoraco | chest |
| tibio | tibia |
| ulno | ulna |
| vertebro | vertebrae |
| -blast | immature, embryonic |
| -clasia | to surgically break |
| -desis | stabilize, fuse |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -porosis | porous |
| ligament | hold bones together |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| diaphysis | central shaft of a long bone |
| epiphysis | end of a long bone |
| articular cartilage | layer of cartilage on the epiphysis |
| periosteum | tissue membrane surrounding bone |
| cortical, compact bone | exterior surface bone |
| cancellous, spongy bone | found inside the bone |
| red bone marrow | manufactures blood cells |
| yellow bone marrow | fat cells inside the diaphysis |
| process | bony projection |
| head | smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone |
| condyle | smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone |
| epicondyle | projection on a condyle |
| trochanter | large rough process for attachment |
| tubercle | small rough process for attachment |
| sinus | hallow cavity within a bone |
| foramen | opening for nerves and blood vessels |
| fossa | depression on a bone surface |
| fissure | slit-type opening |
| axial skeleton | skull, spine, ribs, and sternum |
| appendicular skeleton | limb girdles and attached limbs |
| callus | bone that forms at fracture sites |
| crepitation, crepitus | bone and cartilage rubbing together |
| exostosis | bone spur |
| kyphosis | outward curvature of thoracic spine |
| lordosis | forward curvature of lumbar spine |
| orthotic | brace or splint for correcting deformities |
| prosthesis | artifical body part |
| ewing's sarcoma | malignant growth in shaft of bone |
| osteogenic sarcoma | cancer in the end of long bones |
| osteomalacia | bone softening from calcium deficiency |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone mass |
| paget's disease | metabolic disease of bone |
| rickets | calcium and vitamin D deficiency |
| ankylosing spondylitis | gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae |
| herniated nucleus pulposus | protrusion of intervertebral disk |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature of spine |
| spina bifida | vertebrae not fully formed |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of spinal canal |
| spondylolisthesis | forward slide of lumbar vertebrae |
| spondylosis | degenerative condition of vertebral column |
| bunion | inflammation of the bursa at the big toe |
| dislocation | displaced bones in a joint |
| osteoarthritis | bones rubbing at joints |
| rheumatois arthritis | chronic "autoimmune disease" arthritis |
| sprain | overstretched ligament |
| subluxation | incomplete dislocation |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | chronic inflammation of connective tissue |
| talipes | clubfoot |
| arthrography | radiographic study after injection |
| bone scan | nuclear scan to visualize bones |
| dual-energy absorptiometry | bone density x-ray |
| myelography | injecting the spine with a contrast |
| radiography | diagnostic imaging using x-rays |
| arthroscopy | exam of the interior of a joint |
| amputation | partial or complete removal of a limb |
| bone graft | bone taken from one area to another |
| laminectomy | removal of posterior vertebral arch |
| percutaneous diskectomy | removal of the nucleus pulposus |
| spinal fusion | immobilization of adjacent vertebrae |
| total hip arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the hip |
| total knee arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the knee |
| fixation | stabilization of fractured bones |
| reduction | realigning of bone fragments |
| traction | pulling force to align an injured limb |
| corticosteroids | steroid-based anti-inflammatory drugs |
| fascio | fibrous band |
| fibro | fibers |
| kinesio | movement |
| musculo, myo | muscle |
| ab- | away from |
| myocardio | heart muscle |
| myoso | muscle |
| planto | sole of foot |
| tendino, tendo, teno | tendon |
| ad- | toward |
| circum- | around |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -kinesia | movement |
| -tonia | tone |
| fascia | fibrous connective tissue aroun muscle |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle |
| striated muscle | skeletal muscle |
| myocardium | cardiac muscle |
| abduction | away from the midline |
| adduction | toward the midline |
| flexion | act of bending |
| extension | toward a straight condition |
| dorsiflexion | bending backward of foot |
| plantar flexion | pointing toes downward |
| eversion | turning foot outward |
| inversion | turning foot inward |
| pronation | turning the palm backward |
| supination | turning the falm forward |
| elevation | to raise (shrug) the shoulders |
| depression | to lower (drop) the shoulders |
| circumduction | circular movement from a point |
| opposition | moving thumb away from palm |
| rotation | moving around a central axis |
| adhesion | scar tissue in the fascia |
| atrophy | muscle wasting away |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle |
| hypertrophy | increase in muscle mass |
| intermittent claudication | ischemia of the muscles |
| spasm | involuntary muscle contractions |
| torticollis | neck spasms (crick) |
| fibromyalgia | aching and pain in muscles |
| lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of the lateral elbow |
| muscular dystrophy | progressive muscle degeration |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | wrist flexors compress median nerve |
| ganglion cyst | hand, wrist, or ankle cyst |
| rotator cuff injury | usually a strain or tearing |
| strain | overuse of muscles or tendons |
| electromyography | strength/quality of muscle contraction |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle for exam |
| skeletal muscle relaxants | medicine to reduce spasms |
