| A | B |
|---|
| immigrant | a person who settles in a new country |
| emigrant | a person who leaves a country |
| push Factor | factors that push people out of their native lands- food shortage, turmoil, population growth |
| pull Factors | factors that pull people toward a new place - industry, freedom |
| effects of migration | overcrowding, lack of jobs, sanitation problems, and crime were some of the affects of this |
| Irish Potato Famine | 1 million people emigrated from Ireland when a disease attacked their main food crop, the potato |
| nativists | native born Americans who wanted to eliminate foreign influence |
| steel plow | a plow invented by a blacksmith names John Deere |
| civil disobedience | peacefully refusing to obey laws |
| Transcendentatlism | philisophy that the spiritual world is more important than the physical world |
| 2nd Great Awakening | renewal of religious faith in the 1790's |
| Reform Movements | movements designed to make changes for the better |
| Temperance Movement | campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol |
| Horace Mann | first man to alter the system of public education, known as the Father of Education |
| Dorothea Dix | pleaded to improve the care of the mentally ill |
| Abolition movement | a movement to stop slavery |
| William LLoyd Garrison | published an antislavery newspaper called the Liberator |
| Frederick Douglass | against slavery, published an antislavery newspaper |
| Sojourner Truth | a woman advocate who spoke against slavery, her name used to be Isabela |
| Harriet Tubman | famous for being the founder of the Underground Railroad |
| Underground Railroad | a series of escape routes from the North to the South for slaves |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | suffragist and feminist, equality for women, went to Senaca Falls Convention |
| Women's Rights Movement | a movement to establish voting rights and equality for women |
| Seneca Falls Convention | a convention for women's rights attended by Stanton, Mott, Douglas and 300 women |
| Declaration of Sentiments | a statement that says that "All men and women are created equal" |
| Women's Suffrage Movement | leaders of this movement for women's rights were Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Maria Mitchell |
| Interchangeable Parts | parts that are exactly the same, make repairs quick and easy |
| steam engine | engine that was added to factories, boats, and trains to increase speed |
| urbanization | process of becoming a city rapidly |
| abolition | to get rid of or ban |
| cotton gin | eli whitney's invention that cleaned cotton quickly and easily, led to the expansion of slavery in America |
| Immigration | the process of people coming from other countries into America |
| Scandanavia, Germany, Ireland | people came to America from these countries |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system where few restrictions are placed on business activities and ownership |
| Factory System | System of manufacturing that began in the 18th century and is based on the concentration of industry into specialized—and often large—establishments |
| Henry David Thoreau | an American author, poet and leading transcendalist |
| Erie Canal | the first important national waterway built in the US |
| Samuel Slater | a British textile worker who founded the textile industry in America |
| Lowell Mills | a textile factory created by Lowell located in Lowell Massachusetts |
| John Audubon | a Frenchman who is known for his love of birds and nature |
| Bessemer Steel Process | a process devised for converting pig iron into steel |
| Herman Melville | a leading American poet, known for publishing the novel "Moby Dick" |
